Combined photoelectrocatalytic microbial fuel cell (PEC-MFC) degradation of refractory organic pollutants and in-situ electricity utilization
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Microbial fuel cells (MFCS) is a promising and expanding technology able to eliminate various pollutants of wastewater while converting its chemical energy into power energy using biocatalysts. The potential application of double-chamber microbial fuel cell (DC-MFC) for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and generated power from wastewater in the different conditions is investigated. DC-MFC is operated with anaerobic sludge as an active biocatalyst in an anode section, an aerobic cathode section and a Nafion117 membrane as a separator. The performance of the bioreactor is determined with different concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings in the MFC process, in terms of COD removal, power generation and columbic efficiencies. The results illustrated that COD removal efficiency increased at the high concentrations of organic matter. So that at COD concentration of 2000.0 mg/L the highest COD removal efficiency (84%) was obtained. But with increasing substrate initial concentration to 10000.0 mg/L the efficiency decreased to 79%. The important outputs of the system like the highest voltage, maximum generated power, current density, and energy efficiency with the 100,000 mg/L COD are 447 mV, 50.7 mW/m2, 570.0 mA/m2, and 18.6%, respectively. The optical density levels increased due to bacterial growth while pH severely decreased in the anode chamber when using high-concentration substrates in the MFC.
Chemical energy
Power density
Bioconversion
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A new sepectrofluorimetric determination of phenol and aniline was porposed.The effluence of acidity,temperature and the stable time of the solution were discussed,and at the same time,the interference of coexistence substance was also discussed.The results demonstrated that both of the phenol and aniline had the maximum fluorescence intensity in the pH=6.86 Na2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer solution at 25 ℃.The optimum excitation and emission wavelength of phenol and aniline were λex/λem=270/298 nm and λex/λem=280/340 nm,respectively.Under optimum conditions,the fluorescence intensities were linear with concentration of phenol and aniline in a range of 0.5 to 6.0 μg·mL-1.The detection limit of the method for phenol and aniline were 2.0 ng/mL and 3.6 ng/mL,respectively.The recovery was 98.0%~101.6%.This method was successfully applied to the determination of phenol and aniline in natural water.
Spectrophotometry
Aniline Compounds
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Liquid-phase oxidation of aqueous solutions of phenol, nitrobenzene and aniline was studied employing oxygen as the oxidant.The influence of temperature (160~220 ℃) on wet air oxidation of these compounds was investigated.Phenol oxidation proceeds in two steps:an induction period during which little of the organic was oxidized, followed by a rapid reaction period during which most of the organic was destroyed,while for aniline, the removal rate is linear with the time.The order of the reactivity of these three compounds in fixed time is:phenolanilinenitrobenzene,which is correlated to their molecule structures and reaction models.
Nitrobenzene
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Aqueous two-phase system
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The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that harnesses microbial metabolism to convert chemical energy into bio-electrical energy. Extensive research has demonstrated its efficacy in both wastewater treatment and power generation applications. This study focused on the integration of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a biocathode constructed using the oxidoreductase-producing bacterium <em>Bacillus</em> sp. MCO22 and rice straw as a cost-effective substrate. The MFC utilized palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a chemical energy source for electricity generation in the anodic chamber. The ability of the MFC was evaluated by monitoring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) activity and electrochemical properties. Post-operation, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal were measured. The results revealed that the MFC with the BOD-based cathode achieved a maximum current density and power density of 0.58±0.01 A/m<sup>2</sup> and 0.17±0.00 W/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, it exhibited high COD and color removal rates of 95.10±0.10% and 98.53±0.33%, respectively, without requiring an external power supply. This study presents novel insights into utilizing a BOD-producing bacterium as a whole-cell biocatalyst on the MFC cathodic surface for both electricity generation and agricultural wastewater treatment.
Bilirubin oxidase
Chemical energy
Pome
Biochemical oxygen demand
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Internal resistance
Biochemical oxygen demand
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There is increasing interest in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) because the manufacturing costs to produce them can be reduced more readily than other fuel cells through the use of a microbe as a catalyst and a familiar organism as fuel. Although MFCs are expected to be used in a range of applications, from large-scale sewage plants to portable power sources, the performance of these cells is worse than that of other fuel cells. Therefore, the aim of this study is to resolve some of the mechanical challenges associated with MFCs. During the fabrication of a prototype MFC, we determined that the poor performance of MFCs is partly due to substantial diffusion polarization across the anode, and we improved cell performance by stirring the anode tank. Moreover, we determined that the concentration of the mediator also influences cell performance. The findings of this study show that it is possible to improve the performance of MFCs using a mechanical approach.
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A microbial fuel cell is an efficient, cost-effective, and green methodology for electricity production and wastewater treatment. A single chambered microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) was designed to generate electric power from potato wastewater and also treated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). A copper anode and zinc cathode were used as electrodes in the current study. Furthermore, best-optimized conditions of room temperature, pH 7, 90 Ω external resistances, and the presence of acetic acid substrate provides the maximum value of 12.45 mA current. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of potato wastewater was calculated to evaluate the efficiency of SCMFC in treating potato wastewater. The results of optimization showed that maximum voltage obtained from SCMFC was 1.12 V (1120 mV) while COD removal was 40% which indicated that microbial fuel cells are alternative sources of fossil fuels to generate electrical energy from waste along with their treatment.
Chemical energy
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WT4”BZ]Experimental method of simultaneous separation and concentration for micro phenol and aniline in water sample by distillation with a large amount of NaCl in the neutral medium of pH 7 0±0 5 is studied on the basis of the principle of salt effect Recoveries of phenol and aniline can be found about 93% and above 91% respectively in the first 50 ml distillate (1/5 of value of water sample) when 250 ml sample is distilled with the addition of 150 g NaCl When the contents of phenol and aniline are determined simultaneously by UV-4 th order derivative spectrum (4-ODS), accurate results of determination for micro phenol and aniline in water can be obtained through the correction of recovery The method can be applied to simultaneous separation and determination for micro phenol and aniline in waste water [WT4”HZ]
Distilled water
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