High response and selectivity of single crystalline ZnO nanorods modified by In2O3 nanoparticles for n-butanol gas sensing
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To utilize bio-butanol as an alternative diesel fuel, the effect of butanol isomer, where 1-butanol, 2-butanol and isobutanol were studied except for tert-butanol, on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of butanol/gas oil blend was investigated using a DI diesel engine without modif
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Abstract Ruthenium complexes with tetradentate PNNP donor ligands demonstrate a marked change in selectivity compared to analogous bis bidentate PN complexes in Guerbet catalysis, producing mixtures of n ‐butanol (17 %), sec ‐butanol (14 %) and ethyl acetate (66 %) rather than the usual 90 %+ selectivity to n ‐butanol. Tridentate PNP ruthenium complexes such as [Ru(H)(Cl)(CO)(Ph 2 PCH 2 CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 PPh 2 )] also produce sec ‐butanol and, in optimized conditions (120 °C, 10 mol% NaOEt base), achieve 71 % selectivity to this butanol isomer. The same tri‐ and tetradentate complexes are efficient catalysts for the conversion of methanol/ethanol mixtures to isobutanol (up to 97 % selectivity). In this way, judicious choice of ligand within this general catalyst family allows selectivity to three butanol isomers of interest as fuel molecules.
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A study on catalytic activity of Mn/AC catalyst for direct synthesis of 1,1-dibutoxybutane (DBB) from 1-butanol was carried out. The Mn/AC catalyst was prepared by dry impregnation method and characterized by TG/DTG and XRD. The catalyst was placed in a continuous down flow quartz tube reactor, and 1-butanol was pumped into a preheated reactor in N2 atmosphere at a certain temperature, contact time, and 1-butanol concentration. The product was condensed and analyzed by GC-MS and GC. The results showed that Mn/AC catalyst had a good catalytic activity on direct synthesis of DBB from 1-butanol. The 1-butanol conversion and DBB selectivity increase as temperature increased and they reached a maximum at a certain temperature. The conversion of 1-butanol increases as contact time increased. At low temperature, the DBB selectivity decreases as contact time increased. However, it increases at higher temperature. The high conversion of 1-butanol could be obtained at a certain 1-butanol concentration, and tended to decrease at lower or higher 1-butanol concentration.
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-liquid equilibriums of sec-butanol-isobutanol, sec-butanol-tert-butanol, and isobutanol-tert-butanol systemsJaime Wisniak and Abraham TamirCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1975, 20, 4, 388–391Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60067a009https://doi.org/10.1021/je60067a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
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The structures of the inclusion compounds formed by the host 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane with 1-butanol, iso-butanol and 2-butanol have been elucidated. Competition experiments between pairs of butanol guests and simultaneously by all three butanols show that the selectivity is in the order: 2-butanol > iso-butanol > 1-butanol. This correlates with their thermal stabilities measured by DSC.
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Wood powder was liquefied in a water/butanol (1:1 volume ratio) solution in the presence of sodium carbonate (5wt% to wood) at 275°C under 90atm of nitrogen. Four isomers of butanol, that is, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butanol (2-methyl-1-propanol), and t-butanol (2-methyl-2-propanol) were used and their effects and roles in the liquefaction were investigated. The ratios of butanol (the ratio of the amount of butanol remaining after the reaction to the amount of butanol added initially) ranged from 0.03 to 1.0, and these depended on the species of butanol and the presence or absence of a catalyst. On the contrary, the yield of heavy oil was 45-55% in the presence of a catalyst, scarcely depending on butanol species. It was clarified that butanol did not function as a hydrogen donor solvent. Butanol acted mainly as an extraction solvent, in which undesirable reactions such as repolymerization were retarded.
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