A Summary of Some Radar Thunderstorm Observations*
22
Citation
0
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Direct observation of rain areas by radar yields new information on thunderstorm characteristics and behavior. A statistical summary of characteristics of 300 showers observed by radar at Spring Lake, N. J., June–Aug. 1945, is given.Keywords:
Weather radar
The paper describes in detail the organization of weather radar stations established by the India Meteorological Department in India, including the plans for the immediate future network of storm- detecting radar stations in the country. A brief summary of the specifications of different types of storm-detecting radars used by the department has also been given together with photographs of the installations so far completed. A few typical examples of different types of weather radar echoes obtained from thunderstorm, monsoon rain, duststorm, etc., have also been given. The examples selected give a broad classification of different types of weather radar echoes as obtained in tropics and act as the starting point for a more detailed classification of weather radar echo patterns observable in this part of the world.
Weather radar
3D radar
Cite
Citations (0)
Weather radar
Cite
Citations (32)
Dual polarization weather radar has now become a widely used as instrument in meteorological offices around the world because of its capability in distinguishing different precipitation type and in improving the accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation. The aim of this work is to estimate the polarimetry radar variables for radars of different frequency bands and study their behavior with rainfall rates.
Calculations of polarimetry radar variables were made on the basis of several assumptions. The results showed that factors at horizontal and vertical polarization, ZH,V, ranges between 20 dBz respectively, and more than 55 dBz for light rain and extreme heavy rain respectively, and radar reflectivity factor at horizontal ZH is greater than radar reflectivity factor at vertical ZV for all rainfall rates. The differential reflectivity, ZDR, also increases with increasing rainfall rates since it is the difference between ZH and Zv.
Calculations of specific differential attenuation indicated that X band radars are seriously atten-uated by rain and C band radars are less affected by rain. The specific differential attenuation, S band radars is very small. In addition to this feature, the results showed that the differential phase shift between return signals of horizontal and vertical polarizations for S band radars is much less than those for C and X band radars, and also, the results showed that the co-polarization correlation coefficient for S band the radars is much higher than those of C and X bands.
In order to investigate the accuracy of the calculated polarimetric weather radar variables per-formed in this research, real radar measurements were used for this purpose. Results indicated that the range of values for calculated polarimetric radar variables are very consistent with range of values for measured variables
Weather radar
Differential phase
C band
Cite
Citations (2)
The X-band radar installed in Turin was used to analyze extreme events. About 3 years of radar maps have been analyzed in comparisons with about 30 years of measurements made by rain gauges located in the same area. The entire monitored area was divided into 4 subareas considering the complex orography near Turin, namely the flatlands, mountains, hills and urban areas. For each subarea, the Generalized Extreme Values (GEV) distributions are estimated considering rain gauges data and X-band radar maps. Radar maps are properly processed to be comparable with rain gauges measurements considering reference areas of different size centered over each available gauge. It is shown that a limited temporal availability of X-band radar maps can be sufficient to obtain a good GEV distribution estimation, and that X-band weather radars are a good instrument to analyze extreme rain events where a dense rain gauge network is not available.
Orography
Weather radar
Orographic lift
3D radar
Extreme Weather
Cite
Citations (7)
Accurate real-time rainfall measurements are quite important for hydrological modelling and forecasting. Weather radars can give a good estimate of precipitation when the data are properly processed. An important error source in the estimation of precipitation using weather radars is the variation of the Vertical Reflectivity Profile (VRP) of precipitation. In order to improve radar rainfall measurements is important to apply a correction to minimize the effects of the VRP. An X-band vertically pointing weather radar was deployed in Legnica, Poland as part of the FLOODRELIEF project during June 2004 to September 2004 to study the variation of the VRP in this region. Intercomparison studies were carried out with a C-band scanning weather radar located at Pastewnik. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained during this radar experiment over the Odra basin.
Weather radar
Quantitative precipitation estimation
Quantitative precipitation forecast
Cite
Citations (3)
C-Band Doppler Weather Radar is one of the supporting instruments used in the meteorology for weather forecasting and analysis in Lombok region. One of the purpose of weather radar is estimates the rainfall rates in a wide range and long period, but in the process radar possess limitation called "radar limitation" causes data generated by the radar is inaccurate, this can be overcome by implementing quality control. The purpose of this study is to improve the estimation of rainfall using radar products with the step of Clutter Correction (PPI), Bright Band Echoes (MAX) and Z-attenuation (SRI) to be compared SRI products then convert to RIH and PAC that show the value of rainfall rates estimation with data from AWS/ARG in the Lombok area then verified with RMSE values and correlation values to represent the estimated amount of rainfall that can support operations using weather radar. The results of the research obtained published that quality control is very necessary in improving the quality of the results and the quality of the rain reported in the Lombok. Comparison of the results after quality control and non-quality control showed better results after quality control was performed.
Weather radar
Rain rate
Cite
Citations (0)
A preliminary note written for inclusion in 1966 National Severe Storms Laboratory Annual Report. Derived gust velocities up to 20 ft/sec and indicated airspeed fluctuations up to 34 ft/sec have been measured during flight through clear air at altitudes between 40000 ft and 45000 ft in thunderstorm areas. The possible use of weather radar to avoid such disturbances is discussed.
Weather radar
Clear-air turbulence
Airspeed
Convective storm detection
Severe weather
Cite
Citations (2)
Weather radar
Quantitative precipitation estimation
Cite
Citations (31)
Calibration of weather radar is the foundation of data quality. Internal calibration, weekly maintenance, monthly maintenance and yearly maintenance ensure that stations of weather radar keep long-term stability. In fact, it shows that the echo intensity is not same between different stations of weather radar for same target, since the parameters obtained from the method of traditional calibration via theoretical calculation and measurement of radar subsystem. According to echo intensity calculation of weather radar equation, radar constant includes some parameters such as transmitted power, pulse width, antenna gain, beam width, system loss and so on. Accumulation of error from radar measurement causes the error between different weather radar stations. This paper researches a method that far-field calibration of weather radar based on the combination of objective truth value and simulating target, which combines far-field test, echo intensity calibration of standard metal ball, and calibration of simulating target. This method uses a device in far-field to receive radar signal to measure some parameters such as beam width, transmitted power, transmitter pulse width and so on; using the character of objective truth value of standard metal ball accurately calibrate that echo intensity and simulating target; and meanwhile, using simulating target generate an accurate and controlled signal in far-field to calibrate weather radar echo intensity, velocity, spectrum width, differential reflectivity factor, and differential propagation phase shift to make calibration of weather radar objectively and accurately.
Weather radar
3D radar
Radar horizon
Cite
Citations (0)
Weather radar
Severe weather
Identification
Cite
Citations (0)