Absorption enhancement in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with embedded arrays of dielectric particles
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In the field of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite based photovoltaics, there is a growing interest in the exploration of novel and smarter ways to improve the cells light harvesting efficiency at targeted wavelength ranges within the minimum volume possible, as well as in the development of colored and/or semitransparent devices that could pave the way both to their architectonic integration and to their use in the flowering field of tandem solar cells. The work herein presented targets these different goals by means of the theoretical optimization of the optical design of standard opaque and semitransparent perovskite solar cells. In order to do so, we focus on the effect of harmless, compatible and commercially available dielectric inclusions within the absorbing material, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI). Following a gradual and systematic process of analysis, we are capable of identifying the appearance of collective and hybrid (both localized and extended) photonic resonances which allow to significantly improve light harvesting and thus the overall efficiency of the standard device by above 10% with respect to the reference value while keeping the semiconductor film thickness to a minimum. We believe our results will be particularly relevant in the promising field of perovskite solar cell based tandem photovoltaic devices, which has posed new challenges to the solar energy community in order to maximize the performance of semitransparent cells, but also for applications focusing on architectonic integration.Keywords:
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To reduce the cost of solar electricity, there is an enormous potential of thin-film photovoltaic technologies. An approach for lowering the manufacturing costs of solar cells is to use organic (polymer) materials that can be processed under less demanding conditions. Organic/polymer solar cells have many intrinsic advantages, such as their light weight, flexibility, and low material and manufacturing costs. But reduced thickness comes at the expense of performance. However, thin photoactive layers are widely used, but light-trapping strategies, due to the embedding of plasmonic metallic nanoparticles have been shown to be beneficial for a better optical absorption in polymer solar cells. This article reviews the different plasmonic effects occurring due to the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles in the polymer solar cell. It is shown that a careful choice of size, concentration and location of plasmonic metallic nanoparticles in the device result in an enhancement of the power conversion efficiencies, when compared to standard organic solar cell devices.Contents of Paper
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In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells have raised great attention due to their simple fabrication processes and promising power conversion efficiency (PCE). Especially, the hybrid solar cells with crystalline silicon as light-to-electricity conversion material and conjugated organic thin films as charge carrier collection and transporting layers display the potential to further drive down the cost of silicon solar cells. However, several key scientific and technical issues involving both the organic and inorganic materials need to be addressed in order to achieve a stable high performance of hybrid solar cells based on crystalline silicon. The recent developments of silicon hybrid solar cells are reviewed, including the electrical and optical characteristics of organic materials commonly used in hybrid solar cells, the correlation between surface passivation condition and device performance, and the advantages of microscopic surface texturing on silicon wafers in high-performance hybrid photovoltaic (PV) devices. The prospect and limitation of hybrid solar cells are also discussed. Keywords: Conjugated polymer, crystalline silicon, hybrid solar cell, small molecule, surface passivation, surface texturing.
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We discuss the emerging perovskite incorporated tandem solar technology and high-throughput printing methods for this technology.
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Organic and quantum dots (QDs) semiconductors are promising to build low-cost hybrid tandem solar cells since they are both fully solution-processable, and have tunable bandgaps and absorption spectra. The challenges for high-performance organic-QDs tandem solar cells are to balance the photocurrent in subcells and construct an efficient charge-recombination layer (CRL) to maximize the efficiency of the whole tandem cell. In this work, we report a top illuminated organic-QDs hybrid tandem solar cell that employs an organic-based front subcell and a PbS QDs-based back subcell where the organic absorber complements the absorption deficiency of QDs film in the range of 650–900 nm. The hybrid tandem solar cell is monolithically integrated and electrically connected with a Spiro-MeOTAD/MoO3/Ag/PEIE CRL. A conversion efficiency of 7.4% is achieved for the hybrid tandem cells. The tandem solar cells exhibit an open-circuit voltage of 1.12 V, which is nearly the sum of the VOC of individual subcells, and a fill factor up to 56%, confirming the effectiveness of CRL for building organic-QD hybrid tandem cells.
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Next-generation photovoltaics based on new concepts and/or novel materials have been currently attracting wide interests. Among them, nano-structured organic solar cells shows potential for the low-cost solar cells. In this lecture, several types of hybrid photovoltaics using nano-structured organic solar cells are summarized.
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Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials exhibit rare functions as narrow bandgap semiconductors for photovoltaic applications. Perovskite-based photovoltaic devices have undergone rapid progress in solar energy conversion performance, surpassing the top efficiency of compound semiconductor solar cells such as CdTe and CIGS within a decade. As ionic crystals, halide perovskites are prepared in thin semiconductor films by simple solution processes which enable the perovskite solar cell to become a low-cost and high-efficiency alternative to the current commercially available solar cells. This overview describes the backgrounds of the discovery of perovskite photovoltaics, working principle of the device, recent research progress, and prospects of perovskite-based photovoltaics, including current major focus of research to improve chemical and physical stability of high-efficiency devices. Challenges of compositional engineering of the hybrid perovskite structure are discussed including the potential of all-inorganic and lead-free perovskite materials.
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Thin‐film solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) and conjugated polymers have been studied extensively. However, organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cells incorporating the two materials as subcells are yet to be extensively studied. Here, a computational study on the optimal design of organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cells to achieve the maximum possible efficiency is presented. The optical simulations predict the optimal design of an organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell, desirable for a wide range of spectral response and high efficiency. The optimum combination of thicknesses of a‐Si:H and organic photovoltaic (OPV) subcells to achieve the highest possible efficiency in terms of short circuit current ( J sc ) is determined. Thicknesses of 400 and 140 nm for a‐Si:H and OPV subcells, respectively, are suggested for the optimised tandem solar cell to achieve current matching and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 11.57%.
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In hybrid photovoltaics an organic and an inorganic semiconductor are combined in the active layer to have the advantages of both material classes in a single device. In article number 1700248, Peter Müller-Buschbaum and co-workers review research related to hybrid solar cells which combine conjugated polymers with inorganic materials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon, germanium and quantum dots. Hybrid solar cells based on crystalline Si are discussed for comparison. Particular emphasis is put on different routes to tailor nanostructures of the organic or inorganic component. Cover Image by Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM).
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