Studies of Fatigue and Human Performance in the Field
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Because of the nature of the helping professions, nurses are at high risk for compassion fatigue and burnout. In the past, many researchers have studied compassion fatigue and burnout in nurses. However, reports of research assessing liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators' compassion fatigue and burnout are rare.To assess liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators' levels of compassion fatigue and burnout.A nonexperimental, exploratory descriptive study was conducted using the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 (ProQOL-V), a 30-item self-report instrument to measure participants' level of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress.This study sampled 14 liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators from a large multiorgan transplant center in the Southeast region.Transplant nurse coordinators had an average level of compassion satisfaction, an average level of burnout, and an average level of secondary traumatic stress. Within liver and kidney transplant nurse coordinators, a statistically significant relationship was found between education levels of transplant nurse coordinators and the level of burnout, suggesting that education levels may influence burnout.
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This descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted in inpatient nursing units and outpatient clinics in a cancer center in the midwestern United States. The sample of 153 healthcare providers included RNs, medical assistants, and radiology technicians. The fourth revision of the 30-item Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL R-IV) scale was used for measuring compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout. A series of cross tab analyses examined the relationship between participant demographics and three ProQOL R-IV subscales. The study sample scored similarly on compassion satisfaction and burnout when compared with participants who used the ProQOL R-IV in previous studies. Value exists in analyzing the prevalence of burnout and compassion fatigue among oncology healthcare providers. Understanding the needs of distinct demographic groups offers valuable direction for intervention program development. Applying internal evidence in the design of a relevant stress-reduction program will better equip healthcare providers to recognize and manage compassion fatigue and burnout.
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Background
Stress, compassion fatigue and/or burnout can be destructive to a nurse's health and career (Ablett & Jones, 2007). It has been identified that hospice nurses face many stressors, but some research has identified that they do not report higher stress levels than other nursing disciplines (Whitebird, Asche, Thompson et al., 2013; Hospice UK, 2015.Aim(s)
The aim was to perform a comprehensive review of the literature and to analyse research on stress, compassion fatigue and/or burnout for hospice nurses, and to identify coping mechanisms that nurses and organisations can undertake. Recommendations for changes to practice will be identified and shared in this literature review.Methods
A wide-ranging search of recent literature correlated to stress, compassion fatigue and/or burnout was undertaken to encapsulate the research published over the last eleven years.Results
Nine studies were included in this literature review. The majority of the nine studies highlight that hospice nurses do not suffer with more stress than other nursing disciplines. The recent studies offer an insight into the coping mechanisms employed to avoid stress and compassion fatigue and/or burnout (Hospice UK, 2015; Montross-Thomas, Scheiber, Meier et al., 2016).Conclusions
Hospice nurses do suffer from stress and are at risk of compassion fatigue and/or burnout. The research has shown that if emotional and physical self-care and organisational strategies are utilised this can reduce the risk of compassion fatigue and/or burnout. If nurses report that these approaches are successful, further research should be undertaken to evidence the benefits of stress reducing strategies. How innovative or of interest to hospice and palliative care is the abstract? Some of the stressors nurses face can be directly related to the unique nature of palliative care and dealing with death and dying (Peters, Cant, Sellick et al., 2012; Hawkins, Howard & Oyebode, 2007). Therefore, hospice nurses should be aware of self-care strategies and support available from their organisation, as it may prevent stress, compassion fatigue and/or burnout.Compassion fatigue
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Professionals working in cancer care are exposed to strong sources of stress. Due to the special characteristics of this unit, the appearance of burnout, compassion fatigue, and low compassion satisfaction is more likely. The principal aim was to analyze the levels and prevalence of burnout, compassion fatigue, and low compassion satisfaction in oncology nurses and interventions for its treatment. The search for the systematic review was done in Medline, ProQuest, Lilacs, CINAHL, Scopus, Scielo, and PsycINFO databases, with the search equation “burnout AND nurs* AND oncology AND compassion fatigue”. The results obtained from the 15 studies confirmed that there are levels of risk of suffering burnout and compassion fatigue among nursing professionals, affecting more women and nurses with more years of experience, with nurses from oncology units having one of the highest levels of burnout and compassion fatigue. The oncology nurse sample was n = 900. The meta-analytic estimations were 19% for low compassion satisfaction, 56% for medium and high burnout, BO, and 60% for medium and high compassion fatigue. The increase in cases of burnout and compassion fatigue in nursing staff can be prevented and minimized with a correct evaluation and development of intervention programs, considering that there are more women than men and that they seem to be more vulnerable.
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Objectives for this project were to determine the prevalence of compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in heart and vascular nurses to confirm whether differences exist between intensive care and intermediate care nurses. The Professional Quality of Life Scale Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue: Version 5 developed by Stamm (2009) was used. Results showed that nurses who work in the heart and vascular intermediate care unit had average to high scores of CS, low to average levels of burnout, and low to average levels of STS. Nurses who work in the heart and vascular intensive care unit had average to high levels of CS, low to average levels of burnout, and low to average levels of STS. These findings suggest that leadership should be aware of the prevalence of STS and burnout in heart and vascular nurses. Raising awareness of STS and burnout in intensive care and intermediate care nurses can help in targeting more specific strategies that may prevent the onset of developing these symptoms.
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Most health care employees experience and are bolstered by compassion satisfaction as they deal with patients in need. However, the more empathetic a health care provider is, the more likely he or she will experience compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue is a negative syndrome that occurs when dealing with the traumatic experiences of patients, and examples of symptoms include intrusive thoughts, sleeping problems, and depression. Compassion fatigue is different from burnout. Compassion fatigue is a rapidly occurring disorder for primary health care workers who work with suffering patients, whereas burnout, a larger construct, is a slowly progressing disorder for employees who typically are working in burdensome organizational environments. Managers can mitigate problems associated with compassion fatigue with a number of interventions including patient reassignments, formal mentoring programs, employee training, and a compassionate organizational culture. With burnout, health care managers will want to focus primarily on chronic organizational problems.
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