Heavy Metal Concentration in Largehead Hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus Linneaus, 1758) and Savalai Hairtail (Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829)) Obtained from Karachi Fish Harbour, Pakistan
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Samples of three series alumina supported catalysts of copper, manganese and copper-manganese oxides are investigated with respect to ozone decomposition at low temperatures. The catalysts are found to be active in the reaction studied and the most active are mixed copper-manganese catalysts—they do not change their activity for prolonged time. The reason for the enhanced activity is suggested to be the presence of copper and manganese in various oxidation states.
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Apparently healthy free-living (non-hospitalized) men aged 8-89 years (n = 408) were studied to determine the effect of age on serum copper and zinc concentrations and the copper/zinc ratio. Mean values +/- S.D. for age, serum copper and zinc levels and the copper/zinc ratio were as follow: 41.9 +/- 22.9 years, 1.15 +/- 0.17 micrograms/ml, 0.93 +/- 0.14 micrograms/ml and 1.25 +/- 0.19, respectively. In the elderly subjects above 75 years, a marked increase in serum copper concentrations and the copper/zinc ratio as well as a decrease in serum zinc concentrations were observed. Serum copper concentrations and the copper/zinc ratio correlated positively with age (p < 0.0001).
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In the drinking water treatment, the aesthetic and color problem are caused by the manganese which is occurring and present in the surface, lake and ground water. The most common treatment processes for removing manganese are known for oxidation followed by filtration. In this study, the manganese sand process was used for removing manganese with river bank filtrate as a source. In the manganese sand process, the residual chlorine and pH are important factors on the continuous manganese oxidation. In addition, space velocity (SV) and alum dosage are play a role of manganese removal. Even though manganese removal increased with increasing chlorine concentration, the control of residual chlorine is actually difficult in this process As the results of tests, the residual chlorine concentration as well as manganese removal were effectively achieved at pH 7.5. The optimum attached manganese concentration on manganese sand was confirmed to 0.3mg/L by the experimental result of a typical sand converting to manganese sand.
Filtration (mathematics)
Alum
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Abstract In metal‐polluted environments, high concentrations of metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead are present. Many studies have been conducted to determine uptake and binding of the nonessential, toxic metal cadmium. Effects of essential metals on this uptake and binding remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of zinc on cadmium kinetics and metallothionein induction in the springtail Orchesella cincta. Exposure experiments were conducted with cadmium only, zinc only, and cadmium + zinc. Metallothionein was isolated to determine zinc binding to or induction of this cadmium‐binding protein. In animals exposed to cadmium only and to cadmium + zinc, metallothionein was induced. In animals exposed to zinc only, no metallothionein was induced, and zinc did not bind to the metallothionein induced by cadmium. Cadmium uptake rate was significantly lower in animals exposed to cadmium + zinc than in animals exposed to cadmium only. No significant pattern of uptake and elimination of zinc was observed. Zinc concentrations in the animals were not significantly different for the different exposures, demonstrating that this element is regulated by O. cincta. These results suggest a protective role of zinc in the uptake of cadmium but no interference of zinc with the internal cadmium distribution and elimination.
Metallothionein
Springtail
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Abstract In the smelting process of high manganese steel, the volatilization of manganese will be accompanied. In this article, the volatilization of manganese in high manganese steel was studied by simultaneous thermal analyzer. The results show that the volatilization rate of manganese in high manganese steel increases with increasing temperature and holding time. It is proved by experimental study and data analysis that manganese volatilization follows the first-order kinetics model, and the empirical formula of manganese evaporation is derived. The volatile products of manganese were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the volatile components of manganese mainly consisted of MnO, Mn 3 O 4 , Mn 2 O 3 , and MnO 2 . Combined with thermodynamics, the mechanism of manganese volatilization is further analyzed, and two forms of manganese volatilization in high manganese steel are revealed. One is that manganese atoms on the surface of high manganese steel and oxygen atoms in the gas form different types of manganese oxides and then volatilize at high temperature. The other way is that Mn atoms vaporize into Mn vapor and evaporate in high temperature environment, and then are oxidized into different types of manganese oxides. The results of theoretical calculation and experiment show that manganese volatilization is mainly in the first form.
Volatilisation
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Effects of manganese availability on soybean (Glycine max) growth,acquisition of manganese,iron and phosphorus were investigated. The results showed that soybean growth was significantly inhibited when manganese was deficient or beyond 50 μmol·L-1 in the media. With increase of manganese concentration,more manganese was accumulated in plants,especially in old leaves. Antagonistic effects were observed between manganese and iron. Acquisition of phosphorus was not affected by manganese availability. However,distribution of phosphorus in old and young leaves was significantly influenced by manganese deficiency.
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Accumulation, elimination and subcellular distribution of heavy metals in Littorina brevicula exposed to cadmium and zinc separately and concurrently were investigated. When the winkles had been exposed to 400 ㎍/L CdCl₂ and 3000 ㎍/l ZnSO₄ separately for 90 days, each of the metal body burden in the whole sofl parts increased in proportion to time of exposure until 70 days. But it didn't increase after 70 days. But when the winkles had been exposed to cadmium and zinc simultaneously, cadmium body burden decreased but zinc body burden increased as compared to the winkles exposed to each of the metal. We also found that cadmium accumulated in the winkles was not depurated for 42 days, but zinc accumulated in them was depurated. Especially, zinc was depurated faster when they had been exposed to mixture of cadmium and zinc. After the winkles had been exposed to cadmium and zinc separately for 70 days, about 60% cadmium of the total body burden was associated with the soluble fraction, while about 75% zinc of the total body burden was associated with insoluble fraction. And these trends of metal partitioning did not alter when the winkles had been exposed to metal mixture. After the soluble fraction applied to gel-filtration chromatography column, the distribution patterns of cadmium and zinc associated with proteins or ligands were different each other. Most of cadmium (＞90%) in the soluble fraction was bound to MBP-1 (Metal-binding protein-1), about 6.5 kDa), while zinc was distributed evenly to HMW (High molecular weight fraction, >60 kDa), MBP-1, MBP-2 (about 5 kDa), LMW (Low molecular weight fraction,
Fraction (chemistry)
Metallothionein
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In the contaminative soil of cadmium and zinc,the different concentration of cadmium and zinc influence alfalfa′s quality and cadmium content.The research indicate,when the concentration of cadmium increase,the content of cadmium in alfalfa increase.Zinc depress the absorption of cadmium.The cadmium concentration in soil and alfalfa is a liner response.The low concentration cadmium in soil accelerate the protein,the high concentration cadmium in soil depress the protein,The research indicate: It′s feasible to plant alfalfa in the low concentration of cadmium.
CADMIUM EXPOSURE
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This chapter contains sections titled: Mn Facts about Manganese Discovery "Braunstein" for Coloring – and Discoloring – of the Glass Melt. Transforms Copper to Silver! Braunstein, Pyrolusite, What Is It in Reality? Early Attempts to Find the Metal in Pyrolusite The Pyrolusite Chemistry Clears Up Finally an Accepted Metal in Pyrolusite A Name for the New Metal Manganese in Iron Ores Manganese Deposits in Our Time Manganese Minerals Manganese Ores Mine Production of Manganese Manganese Nodules in the Ocean Manufacture of Some Manganese Products Ferromanganese Manganese Metal Manganese Dioxide Uses of Manganese and Manganese Products Manganese in Steel Manganese in Aluminum and Copper Alloys Battery Applications Other Uses of Manganese Chemicals Manganese in Life A Toxic Element … … but Essential for Life
Pyrolusite
Ferromanganese
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AIM: To investigate the mutagenicity of cadmium and zinc and the effect of zinc on the mutagenicity of cadmium. METHODS: The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced by cadmium, zinc and the combination of cadmium and zinc were observed in cultured human lymphocytes. RESULTS: Cadmium induced the increase in frequency of SCE in human lymphocytes from the concentration 1×10~(-8) mol/L to 1×10~(-6) mol/L, but zinc had a negative result. Zinc reduced the frequency of SCE induced by cadmium at the concentration from 1×10~(-6) mol/L to 1×10~(-4) mol/L and a relationship between dose and effect was also observed. CONCLUSION: Zinc inhibits the mutagenicity of cadmium in cultured human lymphocytes.
Sister chromatid exchange
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