Combined proteomic and functional analysis reveals rich sources of protein diversity in skin mucus and venom from the Scorpaena plumieri fish
Márcia Helena BorgesFilipe AndrichPedro A. LemosThiago Geraldo SoaresThiago N. MenezesFabiana V. CamposLeandro Xavier NevesWilliam Castro‐BorgesSuely G. Figueiredo
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Snake venom is one of the most lethal saliva toxins in the world. It consists of more than 20 distinct compounds, mainly of which are proteins， peptides or polypeptides. Proteins are responsible for 90%-95% of snake venom’s dry weight and are capable of some biological uses. The venom facilitates digestion and immobilization of prey and can help the snake to resist threats as well. Snake bites can easily kill a human or any other animal species. There are multiple sorts of snake venom with different toxicity abilities, causing various physiological effects. While snake venom is considered as a highly risky toxin, it still can be used to benefit human beings. For example, in the biomedical area, specific snake venom can treat serval diseases and even has a cosmetic effect. This article will solve the question that how snake venom can be lethal and beneficial at the same time, and how it be used to contribute to biological resources.
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Venom components are invaluable in biomedical research owing to their specificity and potency. Many of these components exist in two genera of rattlesnakes, Crotalus and Sistrurus, with high toxicity and proteolytic activity variation. This review focuses on venom components within rattlesnakes, and offers a comparison and itemized list of factors dictating venom composition, as well as presenting their known characteristics, activities, and significant applications in biosciences. There are 64 families and subfamilies of proteins present in Crotalus and Sistrurus venom. Snake venom serine proteases (SVSP), snake venom metalloproteases (SVMP), and phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are the standard components in Crotalus and Sistrurus venom. Through this review, we highlight gaps in the knowledge of rattlesnake venom; there needs to be more information on the venom composition of three Crotalus species and one Sistrurus subspecies. We discuss the activity and importance of both major and minor components in biomedical research and drug development.
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