In Situ Forming Depot as Sustained-Release Drug Delivery Systems
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Abstract:
In situ forming systems can serve as promising alternative to existing long acting injectables like disperse systems and microspheres, owing to their biocompatibility, stability, ease of administration and scale up. Microspheres based on long-acting parenteral systems pose challenges in scaling up and process changes with the drug and polymer selected. In situ gelling systems are having low viscosity which is very conducive during various manufacturing unit operations and passing the formulation through hypodermic needle with lower applied pressure. Different mechanisms such as physical or physiological stimuli and cross linking reactions are involved in the gelling of in situ forming systems at the site of injection. Drug release from in situ forming systems can be altered according to the need by using different polymers, lipids and fatty acids. In situ forming systems can be evaluated by sol-gel transition time, temperature and pH, rheology, gel strength, texture analysis, syringeability and injectability. The present paper is an overview of the various in situ gelling polymers and their application in the preparation of depot formulations. Numerous products based on in situ forming systems such as Eligard®, Atridox® are available in market.Keywords:
Depot
Biocompatibility
Drug delivery technology has emerged as an important focus of biotechnological research and commercial enterprise. While much attention is justifiably focused on the design and effectiveness of drug delivery devices, the nature of their interaction with surrounding tissues – their biocompatibility – is crucial. Here we discuss biocompatibility, specifically as it relates to drug delivery systems, which differ from other biomaterial-based devices by possibly containing large quantities of drugs with their own effects on tissues.
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Silk fibroin is a natural biomaterial protein due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical property and processibility. The properties of biomaterial scaffolds are quite strict and complex for its practical applica tion in tissue engineering. Recently, many researches on structure biocompatibility and cell biocompatibility of silk fibro in have been conducted. The results showed good biocompatibility of fibroin, which is important for promoting the appli cation of fibroin in tissue engineering.
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Polyurethane(PU) has been widely used biomedical material with good stability,excellent mechanical properties and reasonable biocompatibility due to its specific micro-phase separation structure.However,its unsatisfactory blood compatibility results in limitation of application in the biomaterial fields.As far as the dependence of biocompatibility on surface properties of materials is concerned,surface modification has been recognized a preferable way to improve the biocompatibility for biomaterials.In view of many methods applied to modify the surface of polyurethane,the bioactive molecules modified surface through chemical modification has attracted a great of interest.In the present article the approaches of modification to improve the biocompatibility of polyurethane were briefly summarized,and the relationship between polyurethane surface properties and biocompatibility was also discussed.
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창고형 매장의 성장이 가속화되면서 창고형 매장에 대한 물류의 중요성도 증대되고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구 는 GIS를 사용하여 C사의 Depot 통합운영 후 운송 효율성을 분석하였다. Depot 통합에 따른 컨테이너 출고 물동량 변화를 분석한 결과, 배송시간 측면에서는 Depot 1개를 운영 할 경우 연간 총 1,028,699㎞ 운행이 필요한 것으로 분석되었고, 이는 Depot 3개를 운영할 때 연간 총 2,866,604㎞ 운행이 필요한 상황과 비교할 경우, 연간 1,028,699㎞ 감소가 되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 배송시간 측면에서도 Depot 1개를 운영 할 경우 일일 62시간의 시간절감과 전체적으로 36%의 절감효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 GIS OD Matrix를 이용하여 Depot 통합과 컨테이너 배송전환에 따른 운영 프로세스 개선, 운송시간 및 거리 절감효과를 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다른 창고형 할인매장의 배송 프로세스에 영향을 줄 수 있는 중요한 판단 지표로 활용될 수 있다.
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Photograph of the La Grange Depot Museum, a yellow and green building. A sign on the building reads: This depot was completed in November 1867 by the M-K-T Railroad. It replaced the earlier depot that was on this site from 1887 until it burned in March 1897. The depot now houses the La Grange Depot Museum.
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Background: Biocompatibility and the efficiency of solute removal are important considerations in blood purification therapy. Improvement of biocompatibility is expected to lead to the prevention of dialysis-related complications (e.g. amyloidosis, arteriosclerosis, and malnutrition) and to the delay of disease progression by alleviating microinflammation. Summary: The biocompatibility of dialyzers is greatly influenced by the interaction between blood and the treatment materials, in which the chemical and physical characteristics of membrane materials play important roles. In hemodiafiltration (HDF), treatment characteristics such as dilution modes are also considered to greatly affect this interaction between blood and materials. Studies have reported that the levels of C-reactive protein are decreased in patients receiving HDF. Thus, the improvement of biocompatibility is an important factor in HDF. Key Messages: To improve the biocompatibility of HDF, it is essential to improve the biocompatibility of hemodiafilters. This article outlines the importance of biocompatibility and related factors in HDF.
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The ability to inject a drug incorporated into a polymer to a localized site and in situ to form drug delivery systems has a number of advantages,such as ease of application and location,prolonged drug delivery,and decreased body drug dosage.Recent years,increasing in situ forming drug delivery systems were developed to use in delivering hydrophilic model drugs,especially protein.This article outlined the various strategies used in in situ forming system,including thermoplastic pastes,in situ cross-linking polymer system,In situ polymer precipition,thermally induced gelation.The advantages and disadvantages as localized protein drug candidates were discussed as well.
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Aims and method A cross-sectional survey was performed on 318 patients receiving depot medication. The presence or absence of a depot site reaction was recorded by psychiatric nursing staff on a standardised form. Results Seventeen per cent of patients were found to have clinically significant depot site reactions. Such reactions were associated with increased frequency of injection and increased total volume of depot administered in the previous 12 months. The severity of a depot site reaction was unrelated to the concentration of depot preparation administered. Clinical implications Depot site reactions may be reduced by maximising the interval between injections and using low volume (highly concentrated) preparations of depot neuroleptic medication.
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Injection site
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