Tanshinone IIA promotes the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal-like cells in a spinal cord injury model
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most severe central nervous system injuries. Currently, transplanting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is considered a therapeutic option for SCI. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is one of the extracts obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been shown to have some protective effects against SCI. The present research was aimed to explore whether TIIA would influence the fate of transplanted BMSCs in a rat model of SCI, especially with regard to their differentiation into neuronal cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from immature rats and identified using flow cytometry. After SCI, 1.0 × 107 cells labeled with PKH67 were transfused into the injured spinal cord. TIIA was first injected into the tail vein (30 mg/kg) 1 h before surgery. From day 1 to day 7 post-SCI, TIIA was injected (20 mg/kg) per day at the same time. Recovery of locomotor function and histological regeneration of the spinal cord were compared among the groups, with the differentiation and distribution of BMSCs determined anatomically and biochemically by the expression of neural cell markers. Locomotor assessments showed that the rats in the BMSCs + TIIA group exhibited higher scores (19.33 ± 0.58) than those in the other groups (13.67 ± 1.53, 17.67 ± 0.58, 18.00 ± 1.73). The area of the cavity in the BMSCs + TIIA rats was smaller than that in the other groups (1.30 ± 0.56, 10.39 ± 1.59, 6.84 ± 1.18, 4.36 ± 0.69). Co-expression of glial fibrillary acid protein was observed in transplanted BMSCs, with a reduced rate in the BMSCs + TIIA group relative to that in the SCI group. In contrast, the expression levels of Nestin, neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and neurofilament protein 200 (NF200) were greatest in the transplanted cells in the BMSCs + TIIA group. Tanshinone IIA treatment enhances the therapeutic effects of BMSC transplant on SCI, likely by promoting the differentiation of neuronal cells.Keywords:
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Objective: To determine and compare the content of trace elements in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f.alba and Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. Methods: Trace elements Zn,Cu,Fe,et al in the two Salvia miltiorrhiza bges were detected with the Atomic Absorption Spetrophotometry,and made a comparation. Results: There were rich trace elements in the two Salvia miltiorrhiza bges, The contents of Fe, Mg, Mn, et al in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f.alba were more than that in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge.The contents of Cd and Pb in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f.alba were less than that in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. Conclusion: The two kinds of Salvia miltiorrhiza bge have higher pharmaceutical values. The contents of partial trace elements in them have some difference.
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Salvia
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Objective:Comparing Se-enriched Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia miltiorrhiza content of effective components.Methods:A high performance liquid chromatographic method determination.Results:In Se-enriched Salvia miltiorrhiza fat-soluble components TanshinoneⅡA content of about 2.7times higher than in Salvia miltiorrhiza;In Se-enriched Salvia miltiorrhiza water-soluble components Danshensu content of about 3 times higher than in Salvia miltiorrhiza.Conclusion:Se-enriched cultivating Salvia miltiorrhiza can improve the content of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza.
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In this paper, La2O3/SiO2 material was synthesized and applied for growth stimulants of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. La2O3/SiO2 material was successfully synthesized from La(NO3)3 and SiO2 precursors by solid-phase thermal method. The material properties were confirmed through physicochemical characterization methods including XRD, EDX, IR, and SEM analysis. The results of using La2O3/SiO2 as a stimulating plant growth material for Salvia miltiorrhiza plants indicated that the use of La2O3/SiO2 on Salvia miltiorrhiza plants had a significant effect. In the experimental model, the dry root yield increased by 0.27 tons/hecta, the root length increased by 3.6 cm on average, and the harvest time for Salvia miltiorrhiza was eleven days earlier. Additionally, the Salvia miltiorrhiza with La2O3/SiO2 material was tougher than that without it, and gold leaf symptom was not observed in the experimental Salvia miltiorrhiza. Thus, the data suggested that La2O3/SiO2 had a favorable effect on alvia miltiorrhiza the harvest time for Salvia miltiorrhiza was eleven days.
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Study Design This study investigated the effects of transplantation of alginate encapsulated neural stem cells (NSCs) on spinal cord injury in Sprague-Dawley male rats. The neurological functions were assessed for 6 weeks after transplantation along with a histological study and measurement of caspase-3 levels. Purpose The aim of this study was to discover whether NSCs cultured in alginate transplantation improve recovery from spinal cord injury. Overview of Literature Spinal cord injury is one of the leading causes of disability and it has no effective treatment. Spinal cord injury can also cause sensory impairment. With an impetus on using stem cells therapy in various central nervous system settings, there is an interest in using stem cells for addressing spinal cord injury. Neural stem cell is one type of stem cells that is able to differentiate to all three neural lineages and it shows promise in spinal injury treatment. Furthermore, a number of studies have shown that culturing NSCs in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds like alginate could enhance neural differentiation. Methods The NSCs were isolated from 14-day-old rat embryos. The isolated NSCs were cultured in growth media containing basic fibroblast growth factor and endothelial growth factor. The cells were characterized by differentiating to three neural lineages and they were cultured in an alginate scaffold. After 7 days the cells were encapsulated and transplanted in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Results Our data showed that culturing in an alginate 3D scaffold and transplantation of the NSCs could improve neurological outcome in a rat model of spinal cord injury. The inflammation scores and lesion sizes and also the activity of caspase-3 (for apoptosis evaluation) were less in encapsulated neural stem cell transplantation cases. Conclusions Transplantation of NSCs that were cultured in an alginate scaffold led to a better clinical and histological outcome for recovery from spinal cord injury in a rat model. Keywords: Neural stem cells; Alginate; Spinal cord injuries
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The accumulation of effective components(tanshinone ⅡA,salvianolic acid B)in roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza at different growth periods in Anguo City of Hebei Province was studied by the field experiment.The results showed that the roots yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza showed a increased trend with the development of the growth process,and the roots yield reached the highest on October 30(3 150 kg/hm2).The tanshinone Ⅱ A content in roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza presented increased-decreased-increased trend with the development of the growth process,the salvianolic acid B content was higher in early stage then lower in later stage.The contents of tanshinoneⅡA and salvianolic acid B in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza were decreased with the increase of root diameter,and reached the highest in the roots which the diameter less than 0.5 cm.According to the production and effective components the best harvest time of Salvia miltiorrhiza in Anguo City of Hebei Province should be at the end of October to early November.
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Objective: To establish the quality standard for the Jing Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and the Jiu Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.Methods: The Jing Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and the Jiu Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge was identified by TLC.Results: The methods could identify the characteristic spots of the Jing Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and the Jiu Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.Conclusion: This method is simple and special in operation,the results are stable with a good repeatality.These can be well applied to control the quality of the Jing Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and the Jiu Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
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Salvia
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Injury to the spinal cord causes transection of axon fibers and neural cell death, resulting in disruption of the neural network and severe functional loss. Reconstruction of the damaged neural circuits was once considered to be hopeless as the adult mammalian central nervous system has very poor ability to regenerate. For this reason, there is currently no effective therapeutic treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, with recent developments in stem cell research and cell culture technology, regenerative therapy using neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has rapidly been developed, and this therapeutic strategy makes it possible to rebuild the destroyed neural circuits. In this review, we discuss the recent breakthroughs in NSC transplantation therapy for SCI. Developmental Dynamics 247:75-84, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural cell
Biological neural network
Regenerative Medicine
Stem Cell Therapy
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To study the effects of Abscisic Acid (ABA) on the accumulation of tanshinones in suspension cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots.After suspension culture of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots induced by agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 for 20 days, the ABA was added into suspension cultures, the contents of tanshinones (including tanshinone I , cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinon I and tanshinone II A) were detected by HPLC after 7 days.The growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots was inhibited by ABA. 20 micromol/L ABA treatment had no significant effect. The dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots of other ABA treatments reduced to 65.2% ,71% and 56.5% of the control, respectively. Different levels of ABA could significantly increased the yields of four tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The yields of tanshinone I , cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinon I and tanshinone II A were significantly increased to 5.4, 9. 5, 1.5 and 1.8 times that of the control group after dealing with 210 micromol/ L ABA.ABA can stimulate the accumulation of tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots.
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Salvia
Hairy Root Culture
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The effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on the gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin in rats was studied. Salvia Miltiorrhiza was given intraperitoneally 1 hour before injecting indomethacin(20mg/kg intraperitoneally) at the doses of 0.1,0. 2,0. 6, and 2. 0 ml/kg. Otherwise, Salvia Miltiorrhiza 0. 2ml/kg was also given at 0. 5, 1. 2, 3 hours before injecting indomethacin to study time-effect relationship. The results showed: (1)all doses of Salvia Miltiorrhiza inhibited the development of the gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin, but the inhibitory action was non dose -dependent. (2)the inhibitory action of injecting Salvia Miltiorrhiza 1 hour before giving indomethacin was better than others. The action of Salvia Miltiorrhiza might be related to increasing the gastric mucosal blood flow and scavenging cytotoxic free radicals.
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OBJECTIVE To measure the content of tanshinoneⅡA in prepared salvia miltiorrhiza slices on current market and analyze the result.METHODS Measure the content of tanshinoneⅡA according to The Criterion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing of Shandong Province,compare the result with the criterion and analyze the reason for the difference.RESULTS In general, the content of tanshinoneⅡA in prepared salvia miltiorrhiza slices is comparatively low,which is resulted from various factors.CONCLUSION This paper measures and analyzes the content of tanshinoneⅡA in prepared salvia miltiorrhiza slices and provides a reference for the improvement of the quality standard of prepared salvia miltiorrhiza slices
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Salvia
Quality standard
Content (measure theory)
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