The influence of diet and behaviour on metabolic syndrome and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to different definitions in west China.
Xinyin XuXianping WuYing DengKui JiLi YXiaohua LiangXiaofang ChenJing ZengZhuo WangGuanghui YiJinyao ChenLishi Zhang
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This study investigated the updated prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults in West China and the influence of diet and behaviour on metabolic syndrome.A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2013-2014, and multi-stage stratified clustering sampling was applied in 12 counties of Sichuan province. Data regarding metabolic syndrome and style risk factors were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, and physical measurements were recorded following a standardized protocol. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association between metabolic syndrome and its risk factors.A total of 7,131 adults participated. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 16.9% and 23.8% according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria and the consensus definition, respectively. The International Diabetes Federation criteria failed to identify 28.8% of the participants identified by the consensus definition. The odds ratios (ORs) of suffering from Metabolic syndrome in people eating pork every week compared with at lower frequencies, people eating more than 100 g of red meat/day, people with more sedentary behaviour per day, and people consuming at least 20 cigarettes/day were 1.76 (1.09-2.84), 1.28 (1.01- 1.62), 1.03 (0.99-1.07), and 1.46 (1.12-1.92), respectively, according to the consensus definition, and 1.51 (1.09- 2.10), 1.4 (1.14-1.72), 1.07 (1.02-1.13), and 1.5 (1.16-1.94), respectively, based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria.The International Diabetes Federation criteria were less sensitive in identifying metabolic syndrome than the consensus definition. More sedentary behaviour, smoking >=20 cigarettes per day, and a higher frequency of pork intake increased the risk of metabolic syndrome in this study.Keywords:
Cross-sectional study
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, indicating great clinical attention. However, much less attention has been given to metabolic syndrome in the study area. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in the adult population of West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in West Gojjam from September 15 to October 20, 2018. A total of 627 participants were randomly selected. The data were collected using the WHO STEP-wise approach for non-communicable diseases by contextualizing the instrument based on the study questions. The collected data were entered into and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of the dependent variable. The odds ratio was used to measure the strength of association between variables. For all statistical significance tests, the cut-off value set was p < 0.05 with CI of 95%. Results: In the studied region, high prevalence of metabolic syndrome at 17.3% is documented. In the final model, age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.02, CI: 1.01– 1. 05), occupation (AOR = 2.97, CI: 1.25– 7.04), a moderate or high level of physical activity (AOR = 0.28, CI: 0.14– 0.56 and AOR = 0.42, CI: 0.18– 0.97) and type of oil used for cooking (AOR = 2.62, CI: 1.87– 7.86) are significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study is high, and it is determined by age, occupation, physical activity and type of oil used for cooking. Designing an intervention which focuses on promoting a healthy lifestyle like physical activity and using oils which are liquid at room temperature to prevent the risk of major non-communicable diseases is needed. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, community-based study, associated factor, West Gojjam
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Abstract Background Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are commonly measured during health check-ups and used as an indicator of diabetes. However, the contribution of screening tests to the prevention of the future development of diabetes is scarcely analyzed. We evaluated the relationship between HbA1c screening results and future risk of diabetes development and worsening. Methods We used the Shizuoka Kokuho Database, a Japanese administrative claims database of insured persons aged > 40 years. Individuals available for follow-up during 2012–2017 and who had not received any diabetes treatment before 2013 were considered. We constructed logistic regression models to evaluate the association of the likelihood of initiating diabetes treatment by 2017 with the number of health check-ups received after 2013, HbA1c levels, and trend changes at the 2013 health check-up and assess the likelihood of using injection drugs. Results Overall, 137,852 individuals were analyzed. Compared to the normal HbA1c Group (HbA1c < 6.5%) with no trend changes, the normal group with improving trends had higher odds (odds ratio 22.64; 95% confidence interval 14.66–34.99) of starting treatment within 4 years. Among people with diabetes treatment initiated by 2017, injection drugs were more likely used in the normal group than in the diabetes group (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). Higher numbers of health check-ups were significantly associated with lower likelihoods of starting injection drugs. Conclusions Good control of HbA1c levels, as indicated by the results of the health check-ups, might have led to insufficient attention to lifestyle habits, which might have resulted in a deterioration of glycemic control.
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Substantial increases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported worldwide in recent years, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a matched case-control study to examine the factors associated with HIV diagnosis among MSM in one sample of eastern China. Between February 2012 and December 2014, we used surveillance records to identify MSM diagnosed with HIV (case participants); we also recruited MSM who did not have HIV (controls) and then matched them (2:1) with control cases in terms of age (±3 years). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with HIV diagnosis. According to a multivariate analysis using logistic regression model involving 101 cases and 202 matched controls, a lack of comprehensive knowledge of HIV (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18, 0.89), a monthly income of ≥4,000 RMB (adjusted OR = 2.99; 95% CI = 1.45, 6.16), having at least two male sexual partners in the past 6 months (adjusted OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.28, 6.31), participating in at least four anal sex experiences with a man in the past month (adjusted OR = 3.56; 95% CI = 1.64, 7.73), and having a current syphilis infection (adjusted OR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.06, 10.25) were associated with an increased risk for HIV diagnosis. MSM with a comprehensive knowledge of HIV were at reduced risk of HIV diagnosis, whereas those with more male sexual partners, more male anal sexual experiences (including receptive or/and insertive anal intercourse, rimming, and fisting), and a current syphilis infection were at increased risk of HIV diagnosis. Focus on protection and safer sex behaviors during male sexual activity (i.e., consistent condom use, pre-exposure prophylaxis, closed sexual networks among MSM) would likely be effective for reducing the HIV transmission rate.
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Increasing evidence suggests that serum CA 19-9 is associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. However, data on the association between CA 19-9 and metabolic syndrome is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum CA 19-9 and metabolic syndrome.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3641 participants aged ≥40 years from the Songnan Community, Baoshan District in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between serum CA 19-9 and metabolic syndrome.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with participants in the first tertile of serum CA 19-9, those in the second and third tertiles had increased odds ratios (OR) for prevalent metabolic syndrome (multivariate adjusted OR 1.46 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.11-1.92] and 1.51 [95% CI 1.14-1.98]; P trend = 0.005). In addition, participants with elevated serum CA 19-9 (≥37 U/mL) had an increased risk of prevalent metabolic syndrome compared with those with serum CA 19-9 < 37 U/mL (multivariate adjusted OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.21-3.65).Serum CA 19-9 is associated with an increased risk of prevalent metabolic syndrome. In order to confirm this association and identify potential mechanisms, prospective cohort and mechanic studies should be performed.
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The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between platelet count and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents in Korea. This study included data from 2228 subjects (1201 boys and 1027 girls) who participated in the 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V). We used the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria to define MetS. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for MetS were calculated with a multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors across platelet count quartiles. The overall prevalence of MetS according to the modified NCEP-ATP III criteria was 4.9% (±0.7%) in boys and 5.7% (±0.9%) in girls. The prevalence of MetS significantly increased with increasing platelet quartiles in both boys and girls. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the highest vs. the lowest quartile were 5.03 (1.30–19.48) in boys and 4.08 (1.20–13.93) in girls after adjusting for age and total cholesterol. Conclusions: Higher platelet count was associated with increased prevalence and risk of MetS in children and adolescents.
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To estimate the prevalence of diabetes among adults aged ≥40 years in Fiji, and determine the demographic characteristics associated with this diagnosis.During a population-based survey, participant glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined and physician diagnosis of diabetes self-reported. HbA1c ≥6.5% or claimed previous diagnosis, independent of HbA1c, defined presence of diabetes. Results were extrapolated to the whole population. Predictors of risk for diabetes were investigated using logistic regression models.Of those enumerated, 1381 participated (73.0%). For 1353 with either a history of diabetes or valid HbA1c, prevalence of diabetes was 44.8% (95%CI 42.2-47.5). Adjusting for age and domicile, Indians had significantly higher risk of diabetes than Melanesians among males (OR 2.02, 95%CI 1.37-2.97, p<0.001) and females (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.44-2.73, p<0.001). Females were at greater risk than males among Melanesians (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.30-2.36, p<0.001) and Indians (OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.33-2.84, p<0.001). Risk increased with age for both genders and ethnicities, adjusting for ethnicity and domicile, then gender and domicile. The ethnicity-gender-age-domicile adjusted prevalence of diabetes among adults aged ≥40 years in Fiji was 41.0% (95%CI 38.4-43.6): 99,000 people.As identified in 1970, diabetes continues to be a substantial population health problem in Fiji.
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Face-to-face interviews were carried out to investigate the relationship between social networks and hypertension in 958 rural residents(males=440, females=518) aged 60-64 of a community-dwelling sample of Dalsung County from April to September in 1996. Eight elements of social network were measured : marital status, regular religious attendance, membership in groups, number of friends, relatives, siblings, children, grandchildren. Hypertensives were defined as meeting at least one of following criteria : hypertension history, systolic blood pressure more than 160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure more than 95 mmHg. In univariate logistic regression for males, having 1-4 friends vs. none showed odds ratio 0.43 (95% Confidence interval CI 0.19-0.96) and having 2-3, 4 and more than 5 children had reduced prevalence of hypertension with odds ratios 0.21 (95% CI 0.06-0.72), 0.14 (95% CI 0.04-0.49), 0.24 (95% CI 0.07-0.82), respectively when compared with persons without children. In females, there was no elements of social network statistically significant. Having 5-9 grandchildren vs. none showed a marginally significant odds ratio 0.42. In multivariate logistic regression models for males with adjustment for age, education, body mass index, smoking and drinking, number of friends and children showed increased odds ratios and number of close relatives gained a statistically significant odds ratios (0.44-0.50). In females, the adjustment yielded little changes of odds ratios except number of grandchildren which gained a statistically significance. These results suggest that only a certain elements of social network may be associated with reduced risk of hypertension and they may be different between genders in rural resident aged 60-64.
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Studies on the relationships between health, different living arrangements, and eating behaviors across age groups are limited. Therefore, we investigated these associations, focusing on metabolic syndrome, among 16,015 South Koreans aged ≥19 years who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that younger adults (<65 years) who lived and ate alone consumed more carbohydrates than those who lived and ate with others (p < 0.01). The odds of metabolic syndrome in younger adults increased with eating alone (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–4.02) and living and eating alone (2.39, 1.25–4.58). Older adults (≥65 years) did not differ in dietary intake or prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to their living and eating situations. Younger adults living and eating alone may benefit from customized nutrition and health management programs to reduce their risk of metabolic syndrome.
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To examine the prevalence and correlates of visual impairment (VI) among US adults with and without diabetes mellitus.Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted during 1999-2004, we estimated the prevalence of presenting (correctable or uncorrectable), correctable, and uncorrectable VI among Americans 20 years or older with and without diabetes. Data were weighted to make estimates representative of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population. We used multivariate logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.Approximately 11.0% of US adults with diabetes had some form of VI (3.8% uncorrectable and 7.2% correctable). Among those without diabetes, 5.9% had some form of VI (1.4% uncorrectable and 4.5% correctable). People with diabetes were more likely to have uncorrectable VI than those without diabetes, even after controlling for selected other factors (P < .05). Our findings also suggest a strong association between VI (correctable and uncorrectable) and older age, member of racial/ethnic minorities, lower income, and lack of health insurance, all independent of diabetes status (P < .05).Vision loss is more common in people with diabetes than in people without diabetes. Diverse public health strategies are needed to reduce the burden of both correctable and uncorrectable VI.
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