The psychological contract: A missing link between safety climate and safety behaviour on construction sites
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Keywords:
Supervisor
Psychological contract
Safety behaviors
Construction site safety
Construction is a dangerous industry when it comes to workplace injuries, and workers' unsafe behaviour accounts for 80–90% of the injuries. How risk is perceived by individuals and groups affects safety behaviour, and this study examined how different occupational groups on construction sites perceived safety and risk and how these perceptions influenced behaviours and practices related to safety cooperation. Over a period of 4 months, 36 semi-structured interviews and 36 days of observations were carried out with different occupational groups at two construction sites. The results showed that a rational way of perceiving safety and risks was most prominent among project managers, whereas an intuitive way of perceiving safety and risks was prominent among workers. Furthermore, foremen at the two sites voiced a perception of safety and risk that was 'in between' these two approaches. The results also showed that the differences in perceptions of risk and safety had implications for safety cooperation at the sites which arguably lead to unsafe safety behaviour/practice. Acknowledging and integrating different perceptions of risk and safety could be a valuable starting point for construction safety management and could improve cooperation about safety.
Risk Perception
Workplace Safety
Construction site safety
Safety behaviors
Safety Culture
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Occupational Health and Safety is a significant area of concern for the construction industry, in which subcontractors work across multiple sites with varying safety induction and training. Prior work in applying immersive technologies for safety training often focuses on the simulation of working sites for hazard identification, demonstration of safety practice, and knowledge-based safety tests. However, it has been identified that current safety training is largely ineffective in improving workers' attitudes towards safe work practices. We apply a fear-arousal approach to safety training by simulating the experience of different types of common safety accidents on a construction site in virtual reality. We conducted an evaluation with workers, contractors, and employees of a commercial construction company, where each participant experienced safety incidents on a virtual construction site. We applied pre- and post-testing measures on the impact on safety attitude and learning practice. We present the empirical evidence of fear arousal safety training in VR for improving the safety attitudes of construction workers, subcontractors, and employees. We suggested improvements and design considerations for other researchers, designers, and stakeholders in this domain based on our findings.
Construction site safety
Effective safety training
Safety behaviors
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Persisting high rates of worksite accidents and injuries in construction projects indicate the urge to investigate the root causes and revisit safety practices in this industry. Consonance in perceptions and safety approaches has been identified as a fundamental factor in boosting projects’ safety. Discrepancies between how different elements of construction safety are perceived and handled by the key stakeholders, namely managers and workers, could be detrimental to worksite safety. This research studied how, if at all, the perception of four key construction safety components, including 33 sets of pairwise questions, is different in the lens of managers from workers. To explore safety perceptions, 133 construction professionals in the United States participated in the study and expressed their perceptions toward their own and counterparts’ (1) safety knowledge, (2) safety culture and commitment, (3) safety performance, and (4) safety support and communication. The results indicated that massive gaps in safety perceptions do exist between the construction managers and workers (26 out of 33 areas), and the magnitude varies for different safety elements. In all four categories, both managers and workers perceived a superior safety position for themselves and inferior for their counterparts. Further investigations revealed that the common ground between managers and workers is their consensus on proper communication and safety training as the key solutions to address such discrepancies. Construction safety professionals and practitioners can benefit from the results of this study to establish and implement strategies to foster communication and provide more effective safety training to bridge the existing gaps in the perception of safety by managers and workers.
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As more professionals become involved in family therapy, there will be greater demands for supervisors. In turn the more need for supervisors, the more the emphasis will be placed on the training of the supervisors. This article outlines and explores the potential, and possible problems of a technique used in the training process of the supervisor-in-training. Proposed is a technique that advocates the supervisor-in-training supervising the supervisor-of-supervision at points throughout the training process of the supervisor-in-training.
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The knowledge of interaction between a supervisor and doctoral students brings important consequences for research purposes, for supervisor´s evaluation, and for a feedback to a supervisor. In this paper we introduce a descriptive instrument, Inventory of Supervisor Activities, which makes it possible to rate the supervisor´s activities. The instrument concentrates on supervisor´s activities during interaction with a student in three phases of the doctoral studies: before enrolment of the student, during the study and after completion of the study. The system covers 100 activities, which are hierarchically organized, and which make it possible to obtain a rather complex portrayal of the interaction of the supervisor with the doctoral student.
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Supervisor
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A primary cause of occupational accidents is on-site workers not having proper or even adequate safety knowledge and awareness, leading to them failing to employ safety measures, equipment, or behavior to protect themselves. The complexity of construction projects and changes in organizational personnel complicate the safety knowledge transfer process. Therefore, to reduce occupational accidents in the construction industry, this study explored the on-site safety knowledge transfer process as well as its relationship with a safe working environment; it did this to understand the associations between various constructs in the process, which could be used as a reference for management personnel to promote on-site safety education and behaviors. This would allow safety knowledge to be learned and practiced by on-site workers, changing their unsafe behaviors and creating a safe on-site work environment. This study used structural equation modeling to empirically study the relationship between various constructs during safety knowledge transfer on a construction site. The results revealed that an excellent safety knowledge transfer environment can lead to favorable safety behavior as well as safety knowledge application and inspiration of on-site workers, which would affect their safety behaviors. More satisfactory safety behaviors of on-site workers could produce a safer working environment on the construction site. Moreover, although safety application and inspiration do not directly affect the safety of a work environment, they do so indirectly through safety behaviors.
SAFER
Knowledge Transfer
Construction site safety
Safety behaviors
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Abstract The construction sector is India’s second-largest industry, contributing to the country’s economy and providing many job opportunities. However, construction has been described as a hazardous industry with a high rate of injuries, accidents, and fatalities compared to other sectors worldwide. The “psychological contract of safety (PCS)” is one of the safety climate (SC) variables that influence worker safety behavior (WSB) actions on construction sites to improve safety. This research investigates the influence of SC factors on PCS and PCS on WSB in construction site safety. A quantitative research method has been adopted in this study, and the data is collected from the construction professionals working in South India. Statistical analyses were performed for the collected data; consisted of stepwise regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis to determine the significance of PCS. The findings disclose that in direct effect, four out of six SC factors contribute to enhancing PCS, namely supervisor safety behavior, co-worker safety behavior, worker involvement, and safety system, and it shows that PCS influences WSB. In indirect effect of SC factor on WSB two factors positively influence namely: supervisor safety behavior, co-worker safety behavior and remaining two negatively influences. The outcome of this study helps the construction professionals to improve safety performance by fulfilling their obligations and improving WSB in construction sites.
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Construction site safety
Safety behaviors
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The construction industry has been recognised as one of the hazardous industries. Although there is an improvement of the safety performance and increase in safety awareness in this industry, the accident rate is still one of the highest across all sectors. Besides causing human tragedy and economic losses, construction accidents also affect the productivity and reputation of the construction industry. The statistic of accidents at construction sites give us a picture that Malaysian construction industry is one of the critical sectors that need a huge and fast overhaul from the current site safety practices. Accident don’t just happen, they caused by unsafe acts, unsafe condition or both. Previous studied shows that most of the accidents happen due to unsafe acts rather than unsafe conditions. In order to improve the overall safety performance we need to investigate the root causes of the construction accidents. The specific objectives of this study are to find out the factors of safety climate, safety training and safety motivation influences the safety behaviour. Through literature reviews, the behavior safety conceptual framework, supported by theory Planned Behavior was develop. The measurements tools were adopted from previous researchers. The target respondents were the workers at construction site and quantitative method was applied. The data were gathered from the survey were analysed using Standard Package for Social Science (SPSS 19). The response of the survey were rated according to the Likert scale type with ‘1’ indicated strongly disagree and ‘5’ indicated strongly agree. This study shows safety motivation, safety training and safety climate were positively and significantly related with the safety behaviour. With this finding, it was recommended that importance of taking human factors into account in safety management.
Construction site safety
Safety behaviors
Statistic
Effective safety training
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The aim of this study is to determine the influence of supervisory mechanism and supervisor capabilities, either in group or individually on the effectiveness of physical development supervision in Enrekang District. The results showed scores for supervisory mechanism and supervisor capability were good. The result of statistical analysis shows that there is a significant influence on the supervisory mechanism and the ability of the supervisor on the effectiveness of the supervision of physical development in Enrekang District, either partially (individually) or simultaneously (together).
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