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    In this paper, different definitions of animal domestication are examined. Methods for identifying the domestication processes are outlined, including zooarchaeological and biomolecular techniques, along with archaeological evidence of associated economic and social changes. The extent to which animal domestications can be seen as hunter-gatherer innovations rather than a later addition by plant agriculturalists is discussed. The undisputed hunter-gatherer innovation of dog domestication is taken as a case study, and horse domestication in central Asia is also considered in depth. Other possible examples of domestication of animals by hunter-gatherers either before, or synchronously with, plant domestication are highlighted, including cattle in North Africa, camelids in South America, and reindeer in northern Eurasia. The reasons why animal domestication usually post-dates plant domestication are explored.
    [Objective] This study was to explore the relationship of genomes between Oryza alta and Oryza latifolia using genomic in situ hybridization.[Method] Total DNA of C-genome was used as a probe for genomic in situ hybridization with metaphase chromosome from Oryza alta and Oryza latifolia,respectively.[Result] Under certain elution stringency,C-genome and D-genome could be distinguished in CCDD genome type;there were huge differences between some CC-genome in Oryza alta and Oryza latifolia,and the genome of Oryza latifolia was more original.[Conclusion] Comparative analysis of the Oryza species with identical genome type may facilitate to elucidate the possible approaches to plant genome evolution and species evolution.
    Oryza
    Citations (0)
    This chapter discusses how societal demands can affect the domestication process and how this affects domestic animals compared with their wild counterparts. The different conceptions of domestication, domestication from a modern ethological point of view will, the animals' perception of humans and changes in the way that animal domestication processes are considered are also included.
    Affect
    The rice genus, Oryza , which comprises 23 species and 9 recognized genome types, represents an enormous gene pool for genetic improvement of rice cultivars. Clarification of phylogenetic relationships of rice genomes is critical for effective utilization of the wild rice germ plasm. By generating and comparing two nuclear gene ( Adh1 and Adh2 ) trees and a chloroplast gene ( mat K) tree of all rice species, phylogenetic relationships among the rice genomes were inferred. Origins of the allotetraploid species, which constitute more than one-third of rice species diversity, were reconstructed based on the Adh gene phylogenies. Genome types of the maternal parents of allotetraploid species were determined based on the mat K gene tree. The phylogenetic reconstruction largely supports the previous recognition of rice genomes. It further revealed that the EE genome species is most closely related to the DD genome progenitor that gave rise to the CCDD genome. Three species of the CCDD genome may have originated through a single hybridization event, and their maternal parent had the CC genome. The BBCC genome species had different origins, and their maternal parents had either a BB or CC genome. An additional genome type, HHKK, was recognized for Oryza schlechteri and Porteresia coarctata , suggesting that P. coarctata is an Oryza species. The AA genome lineage, which contains cultivated rice, is a recently diverged and rapidly radiated lineage within the rice genus.
    Oryza
    Lineage (genetic)
    Citations (490)
    The pig appears to have been among the earliest domesticated animals in China, with evidence for pig domestication at Cishan from 8000 BP. The authors propose a model for the development of animal domestication.
    Citations (135)
    The genus Oryza L. including 25 species fell into 10 recognized genome types, i.e. AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, HHJJ and HHKK, respectively. As early as in 1930s, Morinaga and his co workers firstly studied and assigned the genomes to some Oryza species. The conventional approaches used by Morinaga for assigning new genomes were mainly based on morphological and physiological differences, especially chromosome pairing behavior of F 1 hybrids between two species. Since then, genome constitutions of other Oryza species were supplemented by different investigators. However, if the interspecific hybrids are difficult to produce due to strong hybridization barriers, it is impossible to assign genomes to species by above conventional approaches. Recently, by using molecular biological technique, e.g., molecular marker analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH), some workers assigned three new genomes to the species which were difficult to obtained hybrids with other Oryza species. Because these works were done in early days (during 1940s-1960s) by many investigators, it is essential to summarize the process and principle for assigning genome symbols so as to easily understand the meanings of all genome symbols.
    Oryza
    Chromosome pairing
    Interspecific hybrids
    Citations (1)