ABO, Tissue Typing, and Crossmatch Incompatibility
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Tissue typing
A blood-typing assay is a critical test to ensure the serological compatibility of a donor and an intended recipient prior to a blood transfusion. This article presents a lab-on-disc blood-typing system to conduct a total of eight assays for a patient, including forward-typing tests, reverse-typing tests, and irregular-antibody tests. These assays are carried out in a microfluidic disc simultaneously. A blood-typing apparatus was designed to automatically manipulate the disc. The blood type can be determined by integrating the results of red blood cell (RBC) agglutination in the microchannels. The experimental results of our current 40 blood samples show that the results agree with those examined in the hospital. The accuracy reaches 97.5%.
Blood grouping
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Summary. We have developed a microagglutination test for typing rhesus monkey erythrocytes that is sensitive, accurate and easy to perform. The technique requires only μ1 quantities of antiserum and cells, and agglutination is easily detected using an inverted microscope. An advantage of this technique is that the typing plates can be stored at ‐70°C without loss of activity. The results of typing over 400 rhesus blood samples with this technique were 95% concordant with results using the standard microtitre agglutination technique. Preliminary results indicate that this test is also adaptable to typing human blood.
Agglutination (biology)
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The molecular basis of many blood group antigens is known, and it provides a means for predicting the red blood cell phenotype. Molecular typing methods are useful when serologic typing cannot be performed, due to sample or reagent limitations. We discuss the implementation of a commercial molecular typing assay at our Transfusion Service, the indications for testing, and the advantages and drawbacks of the assay. We also present our algorithm for selecting candidates for testing.
Histocompatibility Testing
Blood group antigens
Tissue typing
Red Cell
Blood grouping
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ABO typing is the first test done on blood that is to be used for transfusion. A person must receive ABO-matched blood, as ABO incompatibility is the major cause of fatal transfusion reactions. Until now, this blood typing has been done manually, and there is therefore a need for an automated typing machine that uses a very small volume of blood. In this paper, we present a new micro blood-typing system with a fully 3-dimentional geometry, which was realized using micro-stereolithography. This system was fabricated with a novel integration process based on a virtual environment and blood typing experiments using this system were successfully performed.
Tissue typing
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A gene typing Study in the donors and recipients of organ transplantatioon with the micro-SSP method
Objective: To explore a new technique of tissue typing in clinical organ transplantation. Methods: A micro PCR-SSP-HLA-DRB/DQB gene typing method based on DNA extraction was developed and compared with the conventional one-step monoclonal typing method .Results: Although the results of the two method were similar when applied to HLA class II antigen/gene typing in 73 samples,the micro-SSP wasnot only rapid and blood-saving but the had a higher resolution. Conclusion:The micro-SSP is a rapid,accurate and blood-Saving method.
Tissue typing
Histocompatibility Testing
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Abstract Blood typing is a crucial test before a blood transfusion and it can be critical, especially in emergency situations, due to the patient condition. Moreover, blood transfusions based on the universal donor (O-), or on the wrong blood type, may risk the patient's life. For that, in this research the main principles to the development of a miniaturized, low cost, portable and automatic system to human ABO-Rh blood typing and based on a spectrophotometric approach are presented. This system will reduce some limitations of the existing methods to human blood typing.
Human blood
Blood type (non-human)
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Tissue typing
Histocompatibility Testing
Histocompatibility
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Objective: To study the method of ABO and RhD Blood Group Typing by microplate automatic detection system.Methods: using automatic detection system distribute red cell or plasma in microplate.After reacting with blood grouping reagent,observe the results and report on LAN(Local Area Network).Results: B3 and A3 subgroups could be found out.The results were in accord with the method of paper-plate.The test of 500 samples could be completed in 2 hours.Conclusion: The microplate automatic method of ABO and RhD Blood Group Typing was established.The method was reliable and economical.
Blood grouping
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In the Korean Red Cross Blood Center, ABO blood typing are routinely performed only via red cell grouping at blood donations sites. However, when an error occurs in this process, it is impossible to issue a blood product contrary to the result of the blood type of the Blood Laboratory Center, thereby resulting in delayed supply. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce typing errors at blood donation sites.
Blood donations
Blood type (non-human)
Blood grouping
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