Nurse-led group cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder among adults in Japan: A preliminary single-group study
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The prevalence and burden of disease of depression necessitates effective and accessible treatment options worldwide. Since April 2016, Japanese national health insurance has covered nurse-administered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for mood disorders. However, empirical support for nurse-led CBT for depression in Asian countries, especially in Japan, is still lacking. This preliminary study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of nurse-led group CBT for Japanese patients with depression. In this single-arm study, we evaluated the effects of a 6-week group CBT, led by trained nurses, on patients with major depression. The primary outcome was the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Assessments were conducted at the beginning and end of the intervention. Of 25 participants screened, 23 were eligible for the study (of these, three dropped out during the trial but were included in the analysis). Nurse-led group CBT led to significant improvements in the severity of depression (BDI-II, P < 0.001). The mean total BDI-II score improved from 23.1 (SD = 7.56) to 12.4 (SD = 8.57), and the pre-to post-effect size was large (Cohen's d = 1.33). After CBT, 45% of the participants were judged to be treatment responders, and 34% met the remission criteria. Our preliminary findings indicate that 6 weeks of nurse-led group CBT produced a favorable treatment outcome for individuals with major depression in a Japanese clinical setting. The results of this study might encourage more Asian nurses to provide CBT as a part of their nursing practice. Further controlled trials that address the limitations of this study are required.Keywords:
Group psychotherapy
A model of therapeutic clown, called Psychoclown, for the psychotherapy group in children with emotional disorders and outpatient treatment was created, which has been effective due to its acceptance and good results.
Group psychotherapy
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Therapeutic relationship
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A longitudinal design was used to examine (a) the relationship between group member perceptions of engagement at the session (within-member), member (within-group), and group (between-groups) level and members’ feeling involved and valued, and (b) how the person– group fit and misfit at the session and member level predicts members feeling involved and valued. Data came from 112 students in 18 groups enrolled in an undergraduate group dynamics class. At each session, group members completed measures of the group’s engagement climate and items that assessed members feeling involved and valued. The engagement ratings were decomposed into between-group, within-group, and within-member components. Hierarchical Linear Modeling and Response Surface Analysis were used to analyze decomposed engagement and Involved/Valued scores. Results indicated that (a) members’ Involved/Valued scores were related to an engaged group climate at the session (within-member), member (within-group), and group (between-group) level; (b) within-group and within-member fit in perceptions of engaged climate positively predicted members feeling involved and valued; and (c) within-group and within-member misfit, interpreted as an “optimistic bias” (a member’s general rating of the group or her/his rating of a session is high but the group’s general rating is low) was associated with members feeling more involved and valued, than a “pessimistic bias.” Study results highlight the importance of decomposing engagement, and examining person– group fit in engagement perceptions, at the intraindividual, interpersonal, and group-as-a-whole levels to best understand its nuanced relationship between engagement and members feeling involved and valued.
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In this chapter I will discuss the dynamics in a team group as a whole, the experience of individuals in the group and the ‘group’ in the mind of an individual. Although I will be considering a particular level – a group, an individual in the group, or a group in the individual – these levels are fundamentally interconnected and mutually dependant and continuously influence each other.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of group problem solving. Group problem solving involves complementary, divisible, optimizing, intellective tasks for which a demonstrably correct answer exists within a conceptual system. Group problem solving may be analyzed in terms of four basic constructs: group task, group structure, group process, and group product. The group task is what the group is attempting to do. Group structure is the organization of the group, including (a) roles, the different positions within the group, (b) norms, the expected beliefs and behaviors for the group members, and (c) member characteristics, the demographic, physical, and psychological attributes of each group member. Group process is how the group members interact with and influence one another. Finally, group product is the collective group response or output. The correspondence of the product to the objective of the group defines success or failure and determines the rewards or punishments for the group members.
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Group psychotherapy
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