A detailed review on solar desalination techniques
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Abstract:
World is growing very fast as the population and technological development increased every day. Shortage of water becomes a significant obstacle in the development process of many parts of the world due to global warming and salinity of natural potable resource lead us to find out smart techniques of desalination of saline and brackish water. Many research works are successful in establish large desalination plant. But decidedly fewer attempts are made for the arid region where low cost; maintenance free and low operating cost techniques are needed. Fast developing and under developing country are facing problems for providing pure drinking water to all the peoples. In this review, one attempt is made to study different solar desalination techniques and find out the solution by combinations of varying desalination techniques for the small and arid region.Keywords:
Solar Desalination
Geothermal desalination
World population
Economic shortage
The serious salinization of farmland soil and the shortage of water resources in arid areas are becoming more and more serious; In order to solve the problem of shortage of fresh water resources, find a resource that can be converted into fresh water; Brackish water is derived from farmland saline alkali land. Brackish water desalination technology has increased interest in scientists' research. However, brackish water can be used as an effective substitute for freshwater conversion because of its low salt concentration and can also be widely used in many water deficient countries. However, partial or total desalting of brackish water is essential to meet the water quality requirements of production and life. The selection of appropriate water resources desalination technology needs to understand the operation methods and technical means of the existing brackish water desalination process. Proper combination of desalination technologies can improve the efficiency of brackish water desalination. This review provides the latest advances in data, materials and categories that can help select and design requirements for specific applications.
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The price of one liter of potable water generated from the desalination system is justified when it is coupled with renewable energy and proper brine disposal practices. Contemplating the abundance of solar energy across the globe, desalination through solar energy is preferred for desalinating the available saline/brackish water. Solar desalination systems are more advantageous than other desalination processes where the desalination system can be installed at a required place to decrease the cost of potable water transportation. Among the various solar energy-driven desalination processes, the solar still is flexible for installation at any place and is also affordable for desalinating the available seawater/brackish water. However, the freshwater yield of solar stills is comparatively low and many approaches are under research to substantiate the productivity of solar stills. In this chapter, the various procedures of improving the yield of solar stills are elaborately discussed with their respective enhancements in the efficiencies. Also, the authors conferred some recommendations for future research on solar stills. This chapter paves the path for the researchers working in solar still to choose an appropriate method for enhancement of the productivity that makes the desalination process more viable and sustainable than the conventional solar stills.
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Solar still
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The shortage of freshwater resources has become a worldwide problem.This problem also exists in China.In order to increase the supply of fresh water,a realistic way is to make full use of the seawater and brackish water in our country.This paper provides a kind of sea water desalination device.Depending on the greenhouse effect and wind power heating principle,the device can use solar energy and wind energy for desalination.Compared with other desalination devices,this device is pollution-free,adaptable and highly cost effective.According to the theoretical calculation,the water yield of the device is about twice than that of the common disc solar desalination system in clear days.
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Economic shortage
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