Tanshinone IIA Pretreatment Protects H9c2 Cells against Anoxia/Reoxygenation Injury: Involvement of the Translocation of Bcl‐2 to Mitochondria Mediated by 14‐3‐3η
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Tanshinone IIA is an important component that is isolated from danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), which is known to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. In this study, we determined the effects of Tanshinone IIA and its underlying mechanisms of action in an anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) cell line model. Prior to inducing A/R injury, rat cardiomyocyte-derived cell line H9c2 was stimulated with 8 μM of Tanshinone IIA for 48 hours. When compared with the A/R group, the Tanshinone IIA treatment significantly increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Tanshinone IIA upregulated 14-3-3η expression and facilitated Bcl-2 translocation to the mitochondrial outer membrane, which bound with voltage-dependent anion channel 1. In addition, pretreatment with Tanshinone IIA reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome c release, inactivated caspase-3, prevented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells. Moreover, treatment with Tanshinone IIA reduced the level of malondialdehyde, thereby increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Silencing the expression of 14-3-3η by adenovirus blocked the above-mentioned results. These novel findings showed that pretreatment with Tanshinone IIA alleviated H9c2 cell damage against A/R injury and was associated with upregulation of 14-3-3η, thereby facilitating Bcl-2 translocation to the mitochondrial outer membrane and preventing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, decreasing cytochrome c release, preventing caspase-3 activation, and restraining apoptosis.Keywords:
Hypoxia
以便导致在小麦染色体和 Leymus racemosus 的染色体 5Lr 之间的染色体 translocation， microsporocytes 在 T 的成熟分裂期间。aestivum-L。racemosus disomic 增加线 DA5Lr 被 60Co 光线照耀 800 R (100 R/min ) 。在 flowering 前，对待的尖铁被削弱并且 bagged。在 23 d 以后，削弱的小花从 T 用花粉被传花粉给。aestivum cv。汉语跳。有涉及两个的二个 translocation 染色体的一植物 5Lr 的长、短的手臂被 GISH 在 M1 检测。植物与一 5Lr 与线 DA5Lr，和它的子孙被穿过，二个 translocation 染色体为在他们的花粉母亲房间(PMC ) 配对行为的染色体被分析。在 diplonema 和 Z 塑造的一种十字形的配置或在中期的圆形的四价的配置我被观察，显示二个 translocation 染色体是相互的 translocation。染色体乐队 C 显示涉及相互的 translocation 的小麦染色体属于 A 染色体或 D 染色体。在用探查发现那仅仅 pAs1 信号的 pSc119.2 和 pAs1 的 situ 杂交的荧光在二个 translocation 染色体的小麦染色体片断是在场的。联合这些结果，相互的 chromosomal translocation 被指定为 T7DS 吗？？
Leymus
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Chromosomal translocation is one of the most common types of chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomal translocation includes balanced and unbalanced translocation. However, it is difficult to detect balanced translocation because most balanced translocations have no excess or deficiency about genetic information and remain clinically asymptomatic; recently balanced translocation is related to infertility. Among balanced translocation of the 22nd and 11st, t (11;22) (q23.3;q11.2) balanced translocation is considered representative. Generally, in balanced translocation, it is thought that cases with abnormal phenotypes such as malformation are rare. t (11;22) (q23.3;q11.2) balanced translocation has not been reported to be a risk factor for cleft lip and palate. We report a case of t (11;22) (q23.3;q11.2) balanced translocation with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.
Chromosomal rearrangement
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by the reciprocal translocation of chromosome 9 and 22. Around 5–8% of CML develop complex variant Ph translocations involving one or more chromosomal regions besides 9 and 22. Chromosome 3 is not frequently involved in complex translocations in CML. We report in this study a case of CML displaying a t(3;9;22) 3-way translocation. A review of the literature appears to indicate that CML patients with this translocation tend to have an aggressive course and poor outcome. Additional 3-way chromosome translocations associated with CML are also reviewed.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Philadelphia chromosome
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Chromosome translocation of t(14;18) can be detected in most cases of centroblastic/centrocytic follicular lymphomas. They are causative factors of lymphomas but the translocation is present in different other types of diseases although the translocation does not belong to the features of these illnesses. Our present work shows the appearance of t(14;18) translocation in lymphocytes of two patients of Sjögren's syndrome, one that of Whipple disease as well as one of healthy donors' lymphocytes using polymerase chain reaction technique presented in one of our previous publication. The translocation occurred in the mbr of bcl-2 gene in all cases showed and the bcl-2 gene was coupled with the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. These results are definitively positive concerning the fact of translocation as it has been proved by sequencing of the amplification products showed in our earlier and present paper. Because relatively high percentages of Sjögren's syndrome patients develop later on lymphoma, the early detection of the translocation could result in a more successful diagnosis as well as treatment of the disease. The question arises, however, what role the translocation plays in illnesses such as the Whipple disease or what kind of consequences can be drawn from the appearance of the t(14;18) translocation in lymphocytes of healthy donors.
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With the aid of telocentric lines of Emmer wheat, the chromosomes involved in seven chromosome types (one standard type and six translocation types) in wild Emmer, Triticum dicoccoides, were identified. Type Ela was of almost the same chromosome structure as that of durum LD 222 with a small reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 4B and 2B. Type Elb had a major translocation between 2A and 2B and a minor one probably between 2B and 3B. Type E2 had a major translocation between 2B and 3B. Type E3 had a major translocation between 5B and 7B. Type E4 had a major translocation between 4B and 3B and a minor one between 2B and 4B or 3B. Type E5 had a major translocation between 6B and 7B. Type E6 had a major translocation between 1A and 5A. We discussed the result in comparison with the previously reported data on the same translocations.
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Cytogenetic analyses of 6 unrelated 13–15/21 translocation mongols, 6 unrelated 21–22/21 translocation mongols and almost all of their parents and sibs have been carried out. Parents carrying the translocation chromosome were found in 2 of the 13–15/21 families, but not in any of the 21–22/21 families (one father could not be tested). Mean parental ages for either type of translocation mongol were not significantly different from those for the general population. No translocation mongol had a translocation mongol relative but 4 of the 12 translocation patients had a mongol relative of the standard trisomic type. In an unselected group of 96 mongols 2 were of the translocation type (2.1 %).
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Myelocytic leukemia
Philadelphia chromosome
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39 individuals in three generations of large kindred were studied by chromosomal analysis of cultured leukocytes. Of these 39, 11 are carriers of D/G translocation, two D/G translocation mongols and two mongols of the regular trisomic type. The translocation was carried through three generations which were studied. By some men an abnormally long Y chromosome was observed. The simultaneous occurrence of these chromosomal changes in one kindred is briefly discussed.
Robertsonian translocation
Chromosomal rearrangement
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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