In-flight performance of the DAMPE silicon tracker
A. TykhonovG. AmbrosiR. AsfandiyarovP. AzzarelloP. BernardiniB. BertucciA. BologniniF. CadouxA. D׳AmoneA. De BenedittisI. De MitriMargherita Di SantoYifan DongM. DurantiD. D’UrsoRuirui FanP. FuscoV. GalloM. GaoF. GarganoS. GarrappaKe GongM. IonicaD. La MarraF. LoparcoG. MarsellaM. N. MazziottaWen-Xi PengRui QiaoM. M. SalinasA. SurdoV. VagelliS. VitilloH. Y. WangJianzhong WangZhaomin WangDi WuX. WuFan ZhangJ. Y. ZhangHao ZhaoS. Zimmer
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Calorimeter (particle physics)
Abstract Pioneered by our group, thallium (Tl)‐based inorganic halide single‐crystals are potential new scintillators. Most of these scintillators exhibit excellent scintillation performance, including peak emission between 370 and 450 nm, good energy resolutions, high light yield (more than 50 000 ph MeV ‐1 ) and fast decay‐time (less than 40 ns). In addition, these scintillators demonstrate good pulse shape discrimination capability. The grown pure crystals show strong luminescence and high light yields due to the presence of Tl ion in the host lattice. Thanks to the high Z‐number and density of the Tl, the grown scintillators have high density ( ρ > 4 g cm −3 ) and high effective Z‐number ( Z eff ≥ 60). Being hygroscopic, like other halide scintillators, these single crystals are grown by the Bridgman technique. It is expected that the discovered scintillators will perform better than most commercial scintillators used in different applications. Significant improvement in the scintillation properties are achieved with the modification of the crystal growth procedure of the grown scintillators. Preliminary results revealed that these scintillators are very promising from an application point of view, while further investigations are underway for the enhancement of the present scintillators as well as for the discovery of new compounds of this family.
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Liquid scintillator (LS)-encapsulated silica was prepared by the sol–gel method and then was added dropwise onto a wipe paper to form a paper scintillator. First, the efficiencies of wipe were determined for both the paper scintillator and the wipe paper using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The efficiencies of wipe using the paper scintillator and the wipe paper were 88 and 36 %, respectively. The detection efficiencies were 5.5 % for the paper scintillator, 46 % for the wipe paper using an LS and 0.08 % for the 3H/14C survey meter, respectively, compared with that of a melt-on scintillator of 47 %. Second, an 3H contaminant on the paper scintillator was successfully detected using a photomultiplier without an LSC or an 3H/14C survey meter. Finally, the paper scintillator was able to detect beta rays of the 3H contaminant easily without an LS.
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Functional possibilities of inorganic-organic hybrid scintillator; Pr: LuAG scintillator covered with plastic scintillator is demonstrated. When 6planes of Pr: LuAG scintillator cube are covered with practice scintillator (BC-499), 30% higher light output is observed.
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Abstract The scintillator Is a part of the electron collection system in most SEMs and other types of electron imaging systems. Without a properly functioning scintillator, images may be noisy, weak, or exhibit other signs of degradation. There are three types of scintillators generally used in the SEM: organic/polymeric, phosphor powder, and crystalline (single or poly). Plastic scintillators are currently used less frequently, mainly because they are subject to radiation damage (i.e., short lifetime). This type of scintillator has the shortest decay time (~2.2 - 5 ns) and very low noise. We still have many customers who prefer this type of scintillator even though they have to change it more frequently (∼2 - 6 month lifetime with average use is our experience).
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A number of portable gamma cameras for medical imaging use scintillator-CCD based detectors. This paper compares the performance of a scintillator-CCD based portable gamma camera with either a columnar CsI:Tl or a pixelated GOS scintillator installed. The CsI:Tl scintillator has a sensitivity of 40% at 140.5 keV compared to 54% with the GOS scintillator. The intrinsic spatial resolution of the pixelated GOS detector was 1.09 mm, over 4 times poorer than for CsI:Tl. Count rate capability was also found to be significantly lower when the GOS scintillator was used. The uniformity was comparable for both scintillators.
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본 연구는 방사선 검출용 플라스틱 섬광체 검출기의 검출효율을 높이기 위한 섬광체 연마에 관한 연구이다. 플라스틱 섬광체를 이용한 검출기를 제작하여 4단계의 연마 과정으로 섬광체 절단면에서 광손실을 감소시켰다. 이때 연마단계와 검출 효율에 대한 상관관계를 구하여 검출 특성을 평가하였다. 연마단계에 따른 검출 효율을 측정한 결과 연마하지 않은 섬광체와 비교하여 4단계의 연마 과정을 모두 연마한 섬광체를 이용한 검출기의 검출 효율이 최대 7.57배 증가하는 것을 확인하였고 각 단계 별로 연마한 섬광체를 이용하여 제작한 검출기에서도 방사선의 세기, 거리, 위치에 대한 검출 특성에서도 연마하지 않은 섬광체에 비하여 좋은 검출 특성을 보였다. Scintillators were polished in four steps using polishing paper, to reduce the optical loss occurring at their cross section when radiation detectors are fabricated with plastic scintillators. We studied the correlation between the polishing steps and detection efficiency and assessed the detection characteristics that are dependent in the polishing steps. Our results showed that the detection efficiency increased by approximately 7.75 times for a detector that used a scintillator polished in four steps, compared to a detector that used an depolished scintillator. For detectors fabricated using scintillators polished in different steps, better detection characteristics were obtained in terms of the activity, distance, and location of radiation, compared to detectors fabricated with an depolished scintillator.
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Recently, nanomaterial-based scintillators are newly emerging technologies for many research fields, including medical imaging, nuclear security, nuclear decommissioning, and astronomical applications, among others. To date, scintillators have played pivotal roles in the development of modern science and technology. Among them, plastic scintillators have a low atomic number and are mainly used for beta-ray measurements owing to their low density, but these types of scintillators can be manufactured not in large sizes but also in various forms with distinct properties and characteristics. However, the plastic scintillator is mainly composed of C, H, O and N, implying that the probability of a photoelectric effect is low. In a gamma-ray nuclide analysis, they are used for time-related measurements given their short luminescence decay times. Generally, inorganic scintillators have relatively good scintillation efficiency rates and resolutions. And there are thus widely used in gamma-ray spectroscopy. Therefore, developing a plastic scintillator with performance capabilities similar to those of an inorganic scintillator would mean that it could be used for detection and monitoring at radiological sites. Many studies have reported improved performance outcomes of plastic scintillators based on nanomaterials, exhibiting high-performance plastic scintillators or flexible film scintillators using graphene, perovskite, and 2D materials. Furthermore, numerous fabrication methods that improve the performance through the doping of nanomaterials on the surface have been introduced. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of the findings pertaining to nanomaterial-based scintillators to gain a better understanding of radiological detection technological applications.
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