Maternal overnutrition by hypercaloric diets programs hypothalamic mitochondrial fusion and metabolic dysfunction in rat male offspring
Robbi E. Cardenas-PerezLizeth Fuentes‐MeraAna Laura de la GarzaIván Torre-VillalvazoLuis A. Reyes‐CastroHumberto Rodríguez‐RochaAracely García‐GarcíaJuan Carlos CoronaArmando R. TovarElena ZambranoRocío Ortiz‐LópezJennifer T. SavilleMaria FullerAlberto Camacho
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Abstract:
Maternal overnutrition including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation promotes a lipotoxic insult leading to metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Diet-induced obesity models (DIO) show that changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics modulate metabolic dysfunction. Using three selective diet formula including a High fat diet (HFD), Cafeteria (CAF) and High Sugar Diet (HSD), we hypothesized that maternal diets exposure program leads to selective changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics in male offspring leading to metabolic dysfunction which is exacerbated by a second exposure after weaning. We exposed female Wistar rats to nutritional programming including Chow, HFD, CAF, or HSD for 9 weeks (pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation) or to the same diets to offspring after weaning. We determined body weight, food intake and metabolic parameters in the offspring from 21 to 60 days old. Hypothalamus was dissected at 60 days old to determine mitochondria-ER interaction markers by mRNA expression and western blot and morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial-ER function was analyzed by confocal microscopy using hypothalamic cell line mHypoA-CLU192. Maternal programming by HFD and CAF leads to failure in glucose, leptin and insulin sensitivity and fat accumulation. Additionally, HFD and CAF programming promote mitochondrial fusion by increasing the expression of MFN2 and decreasing DRP1, respectively. Further, TEM analysis confirms that CAF exposure after programing leads to an increase in mitochondria fusion and enhanced mitochondrial-ER interaction, which partially correlates with metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in the HFD and CAF groups. Finally, we identified that lipotoxic palmitic acid stimulus in hypothalamic cells increases Ca2+ overload into mitochondria matrix leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. We concluded that maternal programming by HFD induces hypothalamic mitochondria fusion, metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in male offspring, which is exacerbated by HFD or CAF exposure after weaning, potentially due to mitochondria calcium overflux.Keywords:
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Background: As adults, over-nutrition in children due to fast food intake becomes a major issue because it raises the risk of different diseases. Previous studies. A correlation between spending money on consumption patterns is stated, but further study of the correlation to over-nutrition is required. This study aimed to analysis the association between pocket money and the frequency of fast-food consumption toward overnutrition among junior high school students. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Junior High School 98, South Jakarta, Indonesia. This location had a strategic location for fast-food traders. A total of 216 students’ grade-8 (13-15 years old) were selected for this study. Variables in this study were pocket money, fast food frequency, and overnutrition. The data were collected using data Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed based on the z-score table from World Health Organization (WHO). Results: There was a significant correlation between pocket money and overnutrition, and it was statistically significant. Pocket money ≤ IDR 20.000 had a greater indicated overnutrition which is influenced by several conditions. However, there is no significant correlation between the frequency of fast-food consumption and overnutrition. Conclusions: Pocket money is correlate with overnutrition among junior high students. Keywords: fast-food, frequency of consumption, overnutrition, pocket money Correspondence: Dias Puspitaning Mawarni. Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran’, South Jakarta 12450, Indonesia. Email: diaspuspita@icloud.com. Mobile: +6282298476420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.08
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The consequence of early overnutrition on later behaviour of rats was tested during the first year of life under conditions of different complexity. The behaviour patterns of overfed rats were compared with those of animals, kept under common nutritional conditions and of rats undernourished prior to weaning. It was demonstrated, that early overnutrition is not beneficial for later exploratory behaviour, learning ability, and the resistance to the pharmacological or nutritional stress. The trend of the observed behavioural responses was identical both in the over- and undernourished rats, differences appeared to be quantitative rather than qualitative.
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Abstract The sections in this article are: Consequences of Overnutrition Thrifty Gene: Altered Lipid Metabolism Animal Models Physiological Consequences Factors Influencing the Response to Overnutrition Gender Age Genetics Exercise Stress Diet Composition Season/Food Availability Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Responses to Overnutrition Cellular Endocrine Mechanisms Neural Mechanisms Mediating the Response to Overnutrition Summary
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Indonesia as a developing country has many nutritional problems that a blend of malnutrition and overnutrition problem with the prevalence of obesity that increase every year. Obesity is the effect of imbalance between energy intake that exceeds expenditure energy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relation between base requirement (foster) with overnutrition status in school age children. The design of the study was descriptive analytic with cross-sectional approach. The population was all of students in the elementary school of Sumberpucung 03 Malang with over nutrition status. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 53 respondents. The data aggregation used quisioner and analyzed with spearman rho correlation test with p <0.05 signification degrees. The result of analyze showed a significant correlation between the compliance of nutrient requirement (p=0.003; r=0.397) and it has relation with the compliance of physic activity of children (p=0.003; r=0.398) with overnutrition status. Compliance of basic requiremant (Foster) nutrition and physical activity has a positive relationship with overnutrient status that means the better compliance of diet and physical activity levels, the lower overnutrition status of school age children, so parents are expected can fullfill the nutrition and good activity to prevent overnutrition status in children.
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Studies have investigated the associations between parental metabolic syndrome (MetS) and offspring MetS. This study aimed to uncover parental-offspring associations for MetS and its components according to offspring sex and age.A cross-sectional study in 1,403 fathers, 1,451 mothers, and 1,532 offspring (340 male and 404 female offspring aged 10-18 years; 283 male and 505 female offspring aged 19-25 years) using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2010 and 2013.All categorized MetS components in fathers and mothers were significantly associated with the same components in male offspring, while high waist circumference, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein in fathers and mothers were associated with the same components in female offspring. The number of categorized MetS components which were significantly associated between parent-offspring pairs was greater in offspring aged 19-25 years than in those aged 10-18 years. All categorized MetS components were significantly associated between father-male offspring aged 19-25 years pairs, but not in other parent-offspring pairs. The MetS per se in fathers and mothers was significantly associated with that in male offspring aged 10-18 years.There were differential associations according to offspring sex and age group and parent's sex with respect to parental-offspring associations for MetS and its individual components. The associations for MetS and its components were stronger in young adult versus adolescent offspring, in male offspring versus female offspring.
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Childhood obesity and early rapid growth increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Such early overnutrition can be modeled in mice by reducing litter size. We investigated the effects of early overnutrition and increased dietary fat intake on β cell function in Swiss Webster mice. On a moderate-fat diet, early overnutrition accelerated weight gain and induced hyperinsulinemia in pups. Early overnutrition males exhibited higher β cell mass but reduced islet insulin content and Pdx1 expression. Males had a high diabetes incidence that was increased by early overnutrition, characterized by a progressive increase in insulin secretion as well as β cell death, indicated by histological analysis and increased circulating miR-375 levels. Females maintained normoglycemia throughout life. High-fat diet (HFD) increased diabetes incidence in males, whereas low-fat diet was completely protective. This protective effect was abolished in early overnutrition males transiently exposed to HFD in early life. Although Swiss Webster mice are not known to be diabetes-prone, the high diabetes incidence suggests an underlying genetic susceptibility that can be induced by overnutrition and increased dietary fat intake in early life. Thus, the nutritional environment in early life may impact long-term β cell function and increase diabetes risk, particularly in genetically susceptible individuals.
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