Preparation of Porous Rice Husks by Pyrolysis Methods for the Removal of Emulsified Oils from Waste Water
Kenes KudaibergenovYerdos OngarbayevЗ. А. МансуровLesbayev BakytBagila BaitimbetovaNyssanbayeva GulnuraGolovchenko OlgaPrikhodko Nikolay
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This article provides experimentally study of the oil removal efficiency of pyrolyzed rice husks, which mainly comprised of amorphous silica and carbon. The research results have also shown that the oil removal efficiency increased to 94 % in the case of rice husk pyrolyzed at 600 oC. The investigation of SEM and AFM has shown that pyrolysis under steam of rice husks drastically modifies the structure with high porosity. The evidence from this study suggests that formation of the spherical and needle-like silica nanoparticles with the diameters of about 100–150 nm that emerged after pyrolysis.Keywords:
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In this study, rice husk and corn stalk have been pyrolyzed in an auger pyrolysis reactor at pyrolysis temperatures of 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C in order to investigate the effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis performance of the reactor and physicochemical properties of pyrolysis products (this paper focuses on char and gas). The results have shown that the pyrolysis temperature significantly affects the mass yields and properties of the pyrolysis products. The mass yields of pyrolysis liquid and char are comparable to those reported for the same feedstocks processed in fluidized bed reactors. With the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis liquid yield shows a peak at 500 °C, the char yield decreases, and the gas yield increases for both feedstocks. The higher heating value (HHV) and volatile matter content of char increase as the pyrolysis temperature increases from 350 to 600 °C. The gases obtained from the pyrolysis of rice husk and corn stalk mainly contain CO2, CO, CH4, H2, and other light hydrocarbons; the molar fractions of combustible gases increase and therefore their HHVs subsequently increase with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature.
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We present the development and validation of a pyrolysis system with a controlled nitrogen atmosphere for the production of carbonaceous materials from biomass elements. Our objective was to use rice husk as a precursor to produce carbonaceous material and explore its application in different technological fields. In Colombia, over 800.000 tons of rice are produced every six months by the leading producing regions such as the Orinoquia region and the provinces of Tolima and Huila, among others. This system provides the opportunity to use agro-industrial waste such as rice husk, an environmental contaminator, and convert it into a useful and value-added material for the development of science and technology in emerging technological fields. Analyses performed using electron scanning microscopy (SEM) have shown that the synthesized material is a porous carbonaceous substance composed of irregular fibers with a hollow internal structure between 5 and 30 μm in size. The Raman spectra show a vibrational response of graphene oxide (GO) multilayer type. These results suggest the GO derived from rice husk can be a candidate for the development of applications in technological areas such as flexible electronic devices and systems, sensors, batteries, supercapacitors for energy storage, and bioremediation systems, among other technological applications.
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Rich husk was completely used for synthesis gas production. The pyrolysis volatiles were used as raw materials. Bio-char was used as the catalyst.
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A renewable H2 was obtained via catalytic reforming/cracking of rice husk pyrolysis volatiles (RHPV) with the catalyst-employed rice husk pyrolysis carbon (RHPC) as the support. Five differently treated processes such as pyrolysis impregnation (P-I), impregnation pyrolysis (I-P), activation, acid washing (A-W), and calcining in air were employed to improve the catalytic activity and stability of the catalysts. The catalytic activity for bio-oil, gas, and real pyrolysis volatiles was investigated. The role of Fe and Ni was also investigated. The H2 content reached 50% for bio-oil. The catalytic activity and stability were in the following order: 0.1FeNi/RHPC(P-I) > 0.1FeNi/RHPC(A-W) ≈ 0.1FeNi/RHA > 0.1FeNi/RHPC-2(I-P) > 0.1FeNi/AC (active carbon), which is consistent with the results of BET and NH3-TPD. It suggests that the highly active RHPC support catalyst is prepared avoiding pretreatment, activation, and calcination, which makes the preparation procedure of catalysts simple and energy saving. Bio-oil, gas, and real pyrolysis volatiles were employed to investigate the interaction and the catalytic reforming mechanism. Moreover, the characterization of the catalysts showed that the active center is the FeNi nanoalloy, and the RHPC support was an intermediate reductant to keep the stability of the catalyst via reducing the metal oxides.
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The biomass thermoplastic composites were prepared by extrusion molding method with poplar flour, rice husk, cotton stalk and corn stalk. The thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) has also been used for evaluating the pyrolysis process of the composites. The results showed that the pyrolysis process mainly consists of two stages: biomass pyrolysis and the plastic pyrolysis. The increase of biomass content in the composite raised the first stage pyrolysis peak temperature. However, the carbon residue was reduced and the pyrolysis efficiency was better because of synergistic effect of biomass and plastic. The composite with different kinds of biomass have similar pyrolysis process, and the pyrolysis efficiency of the composite with corn stalk was best. The calcium carbonate could inhibit pyrolysis process and increase the first stage pyrolysis peak temperature and carbon residue as a filling material of the composite.
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This study aims to investigate the influences of different demineralization pretreatment processes on the properties of liquid and gas products from catalytic pyrolysis via activated carbon catalyst. To achieve this goal, deionized water, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid were used to remove ash. The results indicated that leaching could remove a large amount of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs). Besides, the experiments of different leaching solutions on catalytic fast pyrolysis of rice husks were conducted. It can be found that compared with direct pyrolysis, the catalytic pyrolysis produced more gas products, in which CO increased by 6.49%, while the bio-oil was concentrated in phenols (more than 90%). After demineralization, the content of CO in gas products further increased by 8.04%, while the relative content of phenol in bio-oil enhanced by 14.79% as well. Catalysis can enrich phenol in bio-oil, and leaching can enhance this enrichment. Meanwhile, demineralization can further improve the quality of syngas. The sample after demineralization by hydrochloric acid performed best on catalytic fast pyrolysis, where CO accounts for 57.68% volume of gaseous product and phenol accounted for 68.21% of bio-oil.
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