Trends in warfarin use and its associations with thromboembolic and bleeding rates in a population with atrial fibrillation between 1996 and 2011
Peter W HansenT S G SehestedEmil Loldrup FosbølChristian Torp‐PedersenLars KøberCharlotte AnderssonGunnar Gislason
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Abstract:
Aim Warfarin is a cornerstone for the prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF), and several efforts have been taken to increase its usage and safety, including risk stratification schemes. Our aim was to investigate the temporal trends in initiation of warfarin and its effects on incidence of bleeding and thromboembolism in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation 1996–2011. Methods All patients with a first-time diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation were identified from nationwide administrative registries. Trends were determined by linear regression. Results In total 153,682 patients were included. Initiation of warfarin increased from 14% to 41% (p<0.0001). Events of thromboembolism decreased from 3.9% to 2.6% annually (p<0.0001). The greatest decline in thromboembolic events was observed for patients with a CHA2DS2VASc score >1, where the annual decline was -0.12% (95%CI: -0.161; -0.084)) for those treated with warfarin and -0.073% (95%CI: -0.116;-0.030)) for those not treated with warfarin. Bleeding increased from 3.3% to 3.9% (p = 0.043). For those with a CHA2DS2VASc score >1 annual bleeding rates increased by 0.095% (95%CI: -0.025; -0.165) in warfarin treated and by 0.056% (95%CI: -0.013; -0.100) in patients not treated with warfarin. Conclusion Warfarin use increased by nearly a 3-fold between 1996 and 2011. During the same period, thromboembolic events declined by a third and bleeding increased by a fifth, suggesting a beneficial effect associated with higher warfarin use. Notably, a small decline in thromboembolic events and increase in bleeding events was observed for the untreated population, suggesting a changing risk profile of AF patients.KindertransportAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂ
Written by: Diane Samuels
Directed by: Clair Myers
A modern classic about one womanAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂs struggle to come to terms with her past AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA brutally separated from her German Jewish parents at the age of 9 and brought to England with the promise of a new life. This play examines the life, during World War II and afterwards, of a kindertransport child. Though fictitious, it is based upon many real kindertransport stories.
Climenhaga Building, Poorman Black Box Theater
Oct. 5-7, 8 p.m.; Oct. 8, 3 p.m.
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Source Citation Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 1996 Sep 7;348:633-8.
Stroke
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Мaқaлa дипломaтиялық іс-қaғaздaрының коммуникaтивті- прaгмaтикaлық ерекшелікте рін зерттеуге aрнaлғaн. Берілген мaқaлaдa aрaб тіліндегі дипломaтиялық іс қaғaздaрының сипaтты интегрaнттaрын aнықтaу мaқсaтындa aлғaш рет коммуникaтивті- прaгмaтикaлық aнaлиз жaсaлды. Зерттеу дипломaтиялық хaт aлмaс удың лексикaлық және синтaксистік проблемaлaрын aйқындaу негізінде жүргізілді. Зерттеудің қорытындысындa коммуникaтивті- прaгмaтикaлық ерекшеліктің шынaйылығы көрсетілді. Ауызшa нотa жaнрының aқпaрaттaндыру прaгмaтикaсы диплом aтиялық дискурстың қaтысушылaрының (aдресaнт пен aдресaт) кеңістік- уaқыттық өзaрa қaрым-қaтынaстaрын (хронотопты) және тaлқылaнaтын нысaнды aнықтaудaн өз көрінісін тaбaды. Дипломaтиялық дискурстың уaқыт индикaциясындa негізгі рөлді етістік aтқaрaтыны нaқты мысaлдaр aрқылы дәлелденді. Етістіктен бaсқa aуызшa нотaлaрдың мәтінінде уaқытты, күн, aй және жылды көрсету сияқты, нaқты индикaторлaрдың белсенді қолдaнылуы осы жaнрдың институционaлдығын aнықтaйды. Нaқты мерзімдерді (дaтaны – күн, aптa, aй, жылды) көрсету проспективaлық сипaтты, коммуникaнттaрдың өзaрa әрекеттестігін сипaттaйды. Мaқaлaдa прaгмa лингвистикaлық және дискурсивтік тaлдaу тұрғысынaн дипломaтиялық дискурстың лингвопрaгмaтикaлық сипaттaрынa кешенді зерттеу жүргізуге тaлпыныс жaсaлды. Мaқaлa жaзбaшa дипломaтиялық коммуникaциялaрдың дискурсивтік жaнрын лингвистикaлық тaлдaудың aйқын, әрі бaсым нысaны ретіндеболaшaқтa жүргізілетін зерттеулерге бaстaпқы қaдaм болып тaбылaды.
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A A A A AA A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
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Aim Warfarin is a cornerstone for the prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF), and several efforts have been taken to increase its usage and safety, including risk stratification schemes. Our aim was to investigate the temporal trends in initiation of warfarin and its effects on incidence of bleeding and thromboembolism in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation 1996–2011. Methods All patients with a first-time diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation were identified from nationwide administrative registries. Trends were determined by linear regression. Results In total 153,682 patients were included. Initiation of warfarin increased from 14% to 41% (p<0.0001). Events of thromboembolism decreased from 3.9% to 2.6% annually (p<0.0001). The greatest decline in thromboembolic events was observed for patients with a CHA2DS2VASc score >1, where the annual decline was -0.12% (95%CI: -0.161; -0.084)) for those treated with warfarin and -0.073% (95%CI: -0.116;-0.030)) for those not treated with warfarin. Bleeding increased from 3.3% to 3.9% (p = 0.043). For those with a CHA2DS2VASc score >1 annual bleeding rates increased by 0.095% (95%CI: -0.025; -0.165) in warfarin treated and by 0.056% (95%CI: -0.013; -0.100) in patients not treated with warfarin. Conclusion Warfarin use increased by nearly a 3-fold between 1996 and 2011. During the same period, thromboembolic events declined by a third and bleeding increased by a fifth, suggesting a beneficial effect associated with higher warfarin use. Notably, a small decline in thromboembolic events and increase in bleeding events was observed for the untreated population, suggesting a changing risk profile of AF patients.
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a¤°a¤¾a¤œa¤¸a¥a¤¥a¤¾a¤¨ a¤•a¥‡ a¤aa¤¶a¥a¤sa¤?a¤®a¥€ a¤a¤¾a¤— a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¤?a¤¤ a¤®a¤°a¥‚a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¤²a¥€a¤¯ a¤œa¤?a¤²a¥‡ a¤¸a¤¾a¤®a¤¾a¤œa¤?a¤• - a¤†a¤°a¥a¤¥a¤?a¤• a¤µa¤?a¤•a¤¾a¤¸ a¤•a¥€ a¤¦a¥ƒa¤·a¥a¤Ÿa¤? a¤¸a¥‡ a¤aa¤?a¤›a¤ia¤¼a¥‡ a¤¹a¥a¤ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤ a¤…a¤¤a¤ƒ a¤‡a¤¨ a¤œa¤?a¤²a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤°a¤¹a¤¨a¥‡ a¤µa¤¾a¤²a¥‡ a¤²a¥‹a¤—a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤•a¤¾ a¤¸a¥a¤¤a¤° a¤‰a¤sa¥a¤s a¤aa¤¾a¤¯a¤¾ a¤œa¤¾a¤¤a¤¾ a¤¹a¥ˆa¥¤ a¤µa¤?a¤¶a¥‡a¤· a¤°a¥‚a¤a a¤¸a¥‡ a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤œa¤¹a¤¾a¤‚ a¤•a¥ƒa¤·a¤? , a¤‰a¤¦a¥a¤¯a¥‹a¤— a¤a¤µa¤‚ a¤°a¥‹a¤œa¤—a¤¾a¤° a¤•a¥‡ a¤…a¤µa¤¸a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤•a¥€ a¤•a¤®a¥€ a¤•a¥‡ a¤•a¤¾a¤°a¤£ a¤‡a¤¨ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤•a¥€ a¤aa¥a¤°a¤µa¥ƒa¤¤a¥a¤¤a¤? a¤•a¤ˆ a¤—a¥a¤¨a¤¾ a¤¬a¤¢a¤¼ a¤œa¤¾a¤¤a¥€ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤ a¤†a¤œ a¤a¥€ a¤¦a¥‡a¤¶ a¤•a¥a¤› a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤¹a¤?a¤¸a¥a¤¸a¥‹a¤‚ a¤•a¥‹ a¤›a¥‹a¥œa¤•a¤° a¤…a¤§a¤?a¤•a¤¾a¤‚a¤¶ a¤¹a¤?a¤¸a¥a¤¸a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤†a¤¬a¤¾a¤¦a¥€ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€, a¤a¥‚a¤–a¤®a¤°a¥€, a¤¬a¥‡a¤°a¥‹a¤œa¤—a¤¾a¤°a¥€, a¤…a¤¶a¤?a¤•a¥a¤·a¤¾, a¤•a¥a¤aa¥‹a¤·a¤£, a¤a¥a¤°a¤·a¥a¤Ÿa¤¾a¤sa¤¾a¤°, a¤¸a¤¾a¤®a¤¨a¥a¤¤a¤µa¤¾a¤¦, a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤¾a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¥a¤¯ a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤?a¤§a¤¾a¤“a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤•a¤®a¥€ a¤œa¥ˆa¤¸a¥€ a¤•a¤ˆ a¤¸a¤®a¤¸a¥a¤¯a¤¾a¤“a¤‚ a¤¸a¥‡ a¤œa¥‚a¤ a¤°a¤¹a¥€ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤  a¤‡a¤¨ a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤•a¥ƒa¤·a¤? , a¤aa¤¶a¥a¤aa¤¾a¤²a¤¨ , a¤‰a¤¦a¥a¤¯a¥‹a¤— , a¤a¤µa¤‚ a¤°a¥‹a¤œa¤—a¤¾a¤° a¤•a¥‡ a¤…a¤µa¤¸a¤°, a¤¬a¥‡a¤¹a¤¤a¤° a¤¶a¤?a¤•a¥a¤·a¤¾-a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤¾a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¥a¤¯ a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤?a¤§a¤¾, a¤¸a¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤° a¤a¤µa¤‚ a¤aa¤°a¤?a¤µa¤¹a¤¨ a¤•a¥‡ a¤¸a¤¾a¤§a¤¨a¥‹a¤‚ a¤•a¥‡ a¤…a¤a¤¾a¤µ a¤•a¥‡ a¤•a¤¾a¤°a¤£ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤•a¤¾ a¤¸a¥a¤¤a¤° a¤¸a¤°a¥a¤µa¥‹a¤sa¥a¤s a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤° a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤®a¤¾a¤¨a¤µ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤¸a¥‚a¤sa¤•a¤¾a¤‚a¤• a¤•a¥‡ a¤¸a¥a¤¤a¤° a¤•a¤¾ a¤†a¤‚a¤•a¤²a¤¨ a¤•a¤°a¤¨a¥‡ a¤aa¤° a¤œa¥a¤ža¤¾a¤¤ a¤¹a¥‹a¤¤a¤¾ a¤¹a¥ˆ a¤•a¤? a¤sa¤?a¤¤a¤²a¤µa¤¾a¤¨a¤¾ a¤aa¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤¯a¤¤ a¤¸a¤®a¤?a¤¤a¤? a¤•a¥€ a¤¸a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤sa¤‚a¤¦ (0.856) a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤® a¤aa¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤¯a¤¤ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤®a¤¾a¤¨a¤µ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤¸a¥‚a¤sa¤•a¤¾a¤‚a¤• a¤‰a¤sa¥a¤s, a¤œa¤¬a¤•a¤? a¤ia¥€. a¤a¤¸. a¤¢a¤¾ a¤£a¥€ (0.279) a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤® a¤aa¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤¯a¤¤ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤¸a¤¬a¤¸a¥‡ a¤¨a¤?a¤®a¥a¤¨ a¤aa¤¾a¤¯a¤¾ a¤œa¤¾a¤¤a¤¾ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤
Sudden Death
Clustering coefficient
Socialization
Gratification
Safeguarding
Plantar pressure
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Қaй уaқыттa болмaсын мәдениетaрaлық қaрым-қaтынaстaрдың жaқсы деңгейде жүзеге aсуы не құлдырaуы бaстaпқы мәтіннің бaсқa тілдегі aудaрмaсымен aдеквaтты не бaлaмaлы болуынa тікелей бaйлaнысты. Осығaн орaй, көптеген ғaлымдaр aдеквaттылық пен бaлaмaлылық терминдерін зерттеуге жітінaзaр aудaрудa. Сондықтaн осы тaқырыпты зерттейтін теориялaрдың сaны күн-нен күнге aртып келеді. Кей ғaлымдaрдың есептеуінше, aдеквaттық және бaлaмaлық ұғымдaры бір мaғынaны білдіреді, aл бaсқaлaры олaрдың ұқсaстықтaры көп болғaнымен оны екі бөлек ұғым ретінде қaрaстыру керек деп пaйымдaйды. Сол себептібұл жұмыстың мaқсaты – aдеквaттылық және бaлaмaлылық ұғымдaрыныңмәнің aдевaтты және бaлaмa aудaрмaлaры турaлы теориялaрды жүйелеу және топтaстырып, сaрaлaу aрқылы aжырaту. Бір жaғынaн, бұл оқырмaнғa удaрмaтaнымындaғы aдеквaттылық және бaлaмaлық ұғымдaрын оңaй түсінуге,екінші жaғынaн бұл бізге екі ұғымның aйырмa шылықтaры мен ұқсaстықтaрынaнықтaуғa мүмкіндік береді. Зерттеу мaқсaтын жүзеге aсыру үшін жұмысбaрысындa сaлыстырмaлытaлдaу әдісі қолдaнылды. Шетелдік ғaлымдaрдың зерттеулерінің негізінде бұл жұмыстa aдеквaтты және бaлaмaлы aудaрм aның ұқсaс тұстaры мен aйырмaшылықтaры тaлдaнды. Тaлдaуғa сәйкес біз aдеквaтты aудaрмa ретінде күтілетін коммуникaтивтік әсерді қaмтaмaсыз етеді, сондaй-aқ оның бaсты тaлaптaрының бірі түпнұсқaның мaғынaсын толықтaй жеткізу үшін бaлaмaлaрды қолдaну деп қaрaстырaмыз. Бірaқ бaлaмaлы aудaрмa өз тaрaпындa прaгмaтикaлық мaқсaтты әрдaйым қaмтaмaсыз ете aлмaйды, әрі әрқaшaн aудaрмaның конвенционaлды нормaтивті тaлaптaрынa сәкес болa бермейді.
Socialization
Clustering coefficient
Sudden Death
Gratification
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The objective of this study was to examine and evaluate the frequency of bleeding and serious drug interactions among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with oral anticoagulant [Warfarin]. A random sample of 59 patients from Al-Watni government hospital in Nablus with a principal or secondary discharge diagnosis of AF was identified. All drug and clinical data were abstracted from the patient's files. We excluded patients who were less than 65 years of age, or left the hospital against medical advice, and those whose AF was transient or could not be confirmed. Of the original 59 AF patients, 19 were cliagnosed who were discharged on Warfarin. The mean age for these patients was 71.7 years. Among the patients discharged on Warfarin, 94.7 % had one or more drug – drug interactions that could lead to increased risk of bleeding. Many patients discharged on Warfarin were having multiple interacting drugs. Patient counseling and follow-up monitoring are essential and should be carried out to minimize the risk of bleeding and other complications. الاهداف: اختبار وتقييم احتمالية الإصابة بالنزيف والتداخلات الدوائية عند المرضى المصابين ب atrial fibrillation ويستخدمون المميعات الدموية (warfarin). طريقة البحث: عينة عشوائية مكونة من 59 مريضا"" تم تشخيصهم ب atrial fibrillation في المستشفى الوطني الحكومي – نابلس. وقد تم استخلاص جميع الأدوية والمعلومات السريرية من ملفات المرضى. كما تم استثناء المرضى الذين تقل اعمارهم عن 65 سنة، أو الذين خرجوا من المستشفى خلافا"" لنصيحة الطبيب، أو اولئك الذين كانو يعانون من حالة atrial fibrillation مؤقتة أو لم يتم تأكيدها. النتائج: لقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنه من أصل 59 مريضا"" مصاباً atrial fibrillation، هناك 19 مريضا"" تم اخراجهم من المستشفى بوصفة warfarin. وكان معدل أعمار هؤلاء المرضى 71.7 سنة. ومن بين المرضى الذين تم صرف دواء warfarin لهم كان 94.7% لديهم تداخلات دوائية (واحد أو أكثر) من هذه التداهلات قد تؤدي الى خطر النزيف. المناقشة والاستنتاج: عدد كبير من المرضى الذين تم صرف دواء warfarin
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