Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Shoot Tip and Nodal Explants of Rotala rotundifolia (Buch-Ham. ex Roxb) Koehne
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Rotala rotundifolia (Buch-Ham. ex Roxb) Koehne, an aquatic plant belonging to the family Lythraceae, is used for the treatment of some diseases due to its medical and anti-microbial properties. This study presents multiple shoot regeneration from shoot tip and nodal explants of R. rotundifolia cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium containing 0.05-1.25 mg/L Kinetin (KIN) and 0.25 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) combinations for eight weeks. At the end of the second week, shoot formations began to be observed on the explants. High shoot regeneration frequencies were determined for both explants in the culture medium. The maximum number of shoots per explant was obtained from shoot tip (38.66) and nodal (30.77) explants cultured on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/L KIN + 0.25 mg/L GA 3 . Whereas the minimum number of shoots per explant was determined on MS medium containing 1.25 mg/L KIN + 0.25 mg/L GA 3 for both explant types. The highest shoot lengths for shoot tip (1.87 cm) and nodal (1.79 cm) explants were obtained on MS culture medium containing 0.75 mg/L KIN + 0.25 mg/L GA 3 and 0.50 mg/L KIN + 0.25 mg/L GA 3 , respectively. For in vitro rooting of the regenerated shoots, 2 cm long cut shoots were transferred to MS medium containing 0.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooted shoots were then successfully acclimatized to external conditions in the aquarium environment.Keywords:
Kinetin
Gibberellic acid
The objective of this study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming with different concentrations of growth bioregulators ( i.e. indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid or kinetin) on growth and water relations of Vigna sinensis plants throughout various stages of plant growth and development.In the majority of cases, indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid or kinetin at different concentrations stimulated the growth vigour of cowpea plants (root length, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights and leaf area production) all over the growth periods.Seed pretreatment with IAA or kinetin induced significant increases in total leaf conductance and transpiration rate that was accompanied by a decrease in RWC. On the other hand, GA 3 induced reverse situation in these parameters.
Kinetin
Gibberellic acid
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Kinetin
Gibberellic acid
Darkness
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In vitro multiple shoot regeneration of Solanum nigrum L., an Indian medicinal plant was accomplished on MS medium utilizing shoot tip and nodal explants. Direct multiple shoots differentiated within 6 weeks when explants were cultured on MS medium containing BAP (1.0-5.0 mg/l) and KIN (1.0-5.0 mg/l) individually. Among various concentrations of cytokinins tested, maximum number of multiple shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) from shoot tip (20.4±0.22) and MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.0 mg/l) from nodal explants (8.4±0.22). The in vitro regenerated shoots were rooted (8.4±0.16 roots per shoot) on MS medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/l) within 2-3 weeks of culture and the regenerated plantlets could be successfully established in soil where they grow normally.
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Abstract A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on translocation and accumulation of zinc (Zn) in grains of four wheat varieties of varying Zn sensitivities. Different concentrations of two (gibberellic acid and cytokinin) PGRs viz., control, 10 ppm gibberellic acid (GA), 20 ppm gibberellic acid (GA), 10 ppm cytokinin (kinetin), 20 ppm cytokinin (kinetin), 10 ppm gibberellic acid (GA) + cytokinin (kinetin), 20 ppm gibberellic acid (GA) + cytokinin (kinetin) were applied under different Zn regimes (control), soil application of 5 mg Zn kg -1 soil and soil application of 5 mg Zn kg -1 soil + foliar applications of 0.5% ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O + 0.25% lime). Four contrasting wheat varieties i.e., UP262 & PBW175 (Zn inefficient), UP2628 & UP2554 (Zn efficient); were tested for enzyme activities, yield attributes and Zn content in various plant parts. Regarding influence of PGR levels, the maximum CA and SOD activities were recorded under 20 ppm GA and control respectively. The grain yield, straw yield and grain Zn content was found to be the maximum under 10 ppm GA+cytokinin, 20 ppm GA and 20 ppm cytokinin respectively. Among all the methods used, soil along with foliar spray (Zn S+F) was found to be the most effective in improving all the crop parameters. Among varieties, the efficient sets of varieties (UP2628 & UP2554) performed better than Zn inefficient varieties. The use of plant growth regulators along with efficient delivery method could enhance the transport and accumulation of Zn in grains of wheat.
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Epicotyl
Gibberellic acid
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Indole-3-acetic acid
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The effect of indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), kinetin, 2, 4, 5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4, 5-T) (1-10ppm) and morphactin (25- 250ppm) on growth of rhizobia was studied in vitro. IAA and Morphactin were inhibitory at all concentrations tried, whereas 2, 4, 5-T and kinetin showed inhibition only at higher concentrations. Gibberellic acid stimulated the growth of Rhizobium up to 8ppm level.
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The germination rate of turions produced in a medium without gibberellic acid depends on the time the turions spend in this medium. Gibberellic acid in light enhances the germination rate of turions harvested when turion production has just started. Kinetin enhances the germination of such turions in light and in darkness. The highest germination rate in light is obtained when both kinetin and gibberellic acid are added to the medium. Turions produced in a medium with gibberellic acid do not require a cold treatment for rapid germination in light and darkness.
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Abstract Effects of gibberellic acid and kinetic on α‐amylase production during the germination of barley . ‐ The action of gibberellic acid and kinetin, alone or combined at different concentrations, has been studied on α‐amylase production in whole barley seedlings and in embryoless endosperms in course of the six first days of development in the dark. The classic activation of α‐amylase synthesis by gibberellic acid has been confirmed both in whole seeds and in embryoless endosperms. Kinetin inhibits α‐amylase synthesis after the third day of germination but has no effect on isolated endosperms. When gibberellic acid and kinetin are given simultaneously gibberellic acid stimulated during the three first days just as it does alone, kinetin inhibits after the third day also as it was alone so that the two regulators act, without interactions, at different stages in the time. These effects of kinetin are be independent. A critical examination of the techniques used in the literature in the stud of amylase is made.
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Indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase in tobacco callus tissues (Nicotiana tabacum L., cultivar White Gold) grown on a medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), IAA, and kinetin was resolved into seven isoenzymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gibberellic acid promoted the development of three fast-migrating IAA oxidase isoenzymes which were 7- to 10-fold more active than those of the control. Gibberellic acid was effective at 2 × 10 −9 M and its activity increased with increasing concentration up to 2 × 10 −7 M. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited the development of these isoenzymes, suggesting a requirement for both RNA and protein synthesis. The GA 3 -promoted IAA oxidase isoenzymes increased with time and were positively associated with the GA 3 -induced characteristic type of growth.The expression of the GA 3 effect on IAA oxidase isoenzymes and growth was dependent on IAA and kinetin. In the presence of appropriate concentrations of kinetin, the combined effect of GA 3 and IAA was more than additive. A possible interpretation of the GA 3 –IAA interaction is discussed.
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Callus
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