Cancer genetics meets biomolecular mechanism—bridging an age‐old gulf
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Increasingly available genomic sequencing data are exploited to identify genes and variants contributing to diseases, particularly cancer. Traditionally, methods to find such variants have relied heavily on allele frequency and/or familial history, often neglecting to consider any mechanistic understanding of their functional consequences. Thus, while the set of known cancer‐related genes has increased, for many, their mechanistic role in the disease is not completely understood. This issue highlights a wide gap between the disciplines of genetics, which largely aims to correlate genetic events with phenotype, and molecular biology, which ultimately aims at a mechanistic understanding of biological processes. Fortunately, new methods and several systematic studies have proved illuminating for many disease genes and variants by integrating sequencing with mechanistic data, including biomolecular structures and interactions. These have provided new interpretations for known mutations and suggested new disease‐relevant variants and genes. Here, we review these approaches and discuss particular examples where these have had a profound impact on the understanding of human cancers.Keywords:
Human genetics
The coexistence mechanism was quoted and developed in the new rural construction in this essay.It was says that the coexistence mechanism making all forms of mechanism developing normally and logically included the moving mechanism and the growth mechanism,in which the growth mechanism was the measure for building and maintaining the moving mechanism.As for building and maintaining the habitation faculty of the country,the coexistence mechanism was the most fundamental.Therefore,the coexistence landscape,which was able to improve the people's living environment steadily,was essential for the country construction.So the coexistence mechanism was thought to be note of the actual case.
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The paper deals with the mechanisms o f synergic development of the region al high -tech industries be-tween Mainland and Taiwan.It analyzes the constitutes of the mechanism w hich include the drive mechanism,coupling mechanism,outside conditions controlling mechanism and self-organization mechanism and etc.In addition,the paper presents a systematic netw ork of mechanism.
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The Rat Genome Database (RGD) ( http://rgd.mcw.edu ) provides a comprehensive platform for comparative genomics and genetics research. RGD houses gene, QTL and polymorphic marker data for rat, mouse and human and provides easy access to data through sophisticated searches, disease portals, interactive pathway diagrams and rat and human genome browsers.
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This paper ventures to explore the development of community sports and the innovation of its system and mechanism.It holds an opinion that the innovation of community sports system and mechanism may promote the sustained favourable development of community sports.To be specific,the innovation of community sports system covers the aspects of government guiding,social involvement,resources integration,etc.,while the innovation of community sports mechanism involves leadership mechanism,financing mechanism,mechanism of resources integration,mechanism of training community sports instructors and mechanism of evaluation and motivation.
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Modernization of mechanisms is very important to the development of mechanical industry.Generalized mechanism,controllable mechanism,conceptual design of mechanism system,robot and walking machine mechanism,micro mechanism and micro drivers,bionic mechanism,and new type mechanism are the main research fields of modern mechanisms.The formation and application of mechatronics system is the symbol of the production of modern mechanisms.The leading differences between the modern mechanism and traditional mechanism lie in:different understanding to the meaning of mechanism,different components of machine,different design theory and method of mechanism.Modern mechanisms has a broad application prospect,it could make great effect on controllable mechanism,robot,micro mechanism,mechanical dynamical analysis,etc.
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The paper presents an original method to determine the efficiency of a mechanism with cam and follower. The originality of this method consists in eliminating the friction modulus. In this research it analyses four types of cam mechanisms: 1.The mechanism with rotary cam and plate translated follower; 2.The mechanism with rotary cam and translated follower with roll; 3.The mechanism with rotary cam and rocking-follower with roll; 4.The mechanism with rotary cam and plate rocking-follower. For every kind of cam and follower mechanism one uses a different method to determine the most efficient design. We take into account the cam’s mechanism (distribution mechanism), which is the second mechanism in internal-combustion engines. The optimizing of this mechanism (the distribution mechanism), can improve the functionality of the engine and may increase the comfort of the vehicle too.
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Educational mechanism is correlation of each parts of educational phenomenon and their run mode,includes three basic style : administrative level mechanism,formally mechanism and function mechanism of edu-cation.On administrative level mechanism,we need to build an dynamic structure which middle-scopical priority together with microcosmic mechanism;On formally mechanism,we need a service-supervise mechanism of in-struction-service mechanism priority together with administration-scheme mechanism;On function mechanism,we need a dynamic mechanism of prompting and guarantee mechanism priority together with restriction mechan-ism.
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The original meaning of refers to the interaction among different components of the machine and the way of its operation.Social mechanism means the interaction among every parts of the society and the way of its operation,which consists of social level mechanism,social form mechanism and social functional mechanism.The social level mechanism mainly includes macro-level mechanism,meso-level mechanism and micro-level mechanism.The administrative-planned mechanism,guided-service mechanism and supervised-service mechanism are the basic categories of the social form mechanism.The promotion mechanism,guarantee mechanism and restriction mechanism compose the social function mechanism.The three kinds of mechanisms and their sub-categories have different connotations,but there are some internal and inevitable relations among them.The social mechanism,social Tizhi,social system and social principle are different categories but with internal and inevitable relations.It is helpful to make clear of the mechanism,understand the contents and regulations of mechanism reform and clarify the train of though of mechanism reform by exploring the theory of social mechanism.
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