Что мы знаем сегодня о Lactobacillus reuteri? // WHAT DO WE KNOW TODAY ABOUT LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI?
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Modern molecular genetic methods of research, which emerged in the 21st century, completely unfixed all established notions not only about the microcosm, but also about its influence on the life and health of the macroorganism. The identification of intestinal bacteria and particularities of their various strains is increasingly expanding our understanding of the mechanisms of their action on the somatic and mental health of a human being. The various lactobacilli strains have been the most studied probiotic at the present time. The genus Lactobacillus is known to include about 90 species with a wide range of biochemical and physiological properties. Lactobacillus reuteri, which has strains with different mechanisms of action, is one of the unique microorganisms of the family Lactobacillaceae. The range of possibilities for using various Lactobacillus reuteri strains is currently very wide. This article deals with clinical effects associated with the strain-specificity of Lactobacillus reuteri. Современные молекулярно-генетические методы исследования, появившиеся в XXI в., полностью перевернули наши представления не только о микромире, но и о его влиянии на жизнь и здоровье макроорганизма. Идентификация кишечных бактерий и особенности их разных штаммов все больше расширяют наше понимание механизмов их влияния на соматическое и психическое здоровье человека. На сегодняшний день наиболее изученными являются различные штаммы лактобацилл. Известно, что род Lactobacillus включает примерно 90 видов с широким спектром биохимических и физиологических свойств. Одним из уникальных микроорганизмов семейства Lactobacillaceae является Lactobacillus reuteri, имеющая штаммы с разным механизмом действия. На сегодняшний день спектр возможностей использования разных штаммов Lactobacillus reuteri очень широкий. В данной статье рассмотрены клинические эффекты, связанные со штаммоспецифичностью Lactobacillus reuteri.Keywords:
Lactobacillus reuteri
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This article will review the classification history of Lactobacillus casei,as well as the impact to the classification system Lactobacillus casei-related strains because of the change of classification method.There is need to consider the change to the national probiotic regulation about the strain identification.
Lactobacillus casei
Identification
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Lactobacillus reuteri is reported to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of almost all kinds of vertebrates and mammals by establishing a symbiotic relationship with other bacteria.The adhesion and colonization capability of Lactobacillus reuteri to the mucosa of gastrointestinal tract was introduced here.Reuterin-a wide-spectrum antibacterial substance which is produced by Lactobacillus reuteri and probable acting mechanism of Lactobacillus reuteri was described.The health effects of Lactobacillus reuteri to human and animals were especially emphasized and the industrial development of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotics in future was also discussed.
Lactobacillus reuteri
Human gastrointestinal tract
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Lactobacillus reuteri
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The lactic acid bacteria are Gram-positive fermentative microorganisms known primarily for their roles as starter cultures and probiotics. The food industry represents one of the largest manufacturing industries in the world and recent trends are rapidly expanding the use of probiotic cultures within functional foods. Understanding and control of lactic acid bacteria is now being revolutionized by genomic sciences and the appearance of the complete genome sequences for Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus plantarum, and draft sequences for Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus casei. This explosion of DNA sequence information, accompanied by the development of bioinformatic tools for nucleic acid and protein analysis, now allows rapid characterization of the lactic acid bacteria for their genomic content and expression profiles across the entire genome. Comparative genomics has already revealed important similarities and differences in strains, species, and genera and will likely identify key genetic features responsible for the beneficial properties ascribed to probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Practical genomics for the lactic acid bacteria promises to establish the genetic landscape, correlate genotypes with desirable phenotypes, establish genetic criteria for strain selection, improve culture stability by stress preconditioning, provide opportunities for metabolic engineering, and uncover a mechanistic basis for the beneficial activities of probiotics when delivered in various foods. This presentation will examine the genomic content of probiotic Lactobacillus cultures, compared to those lactic acid bacterial genomes that have appeared recently. In addition, expression profiling by whole genome microarrays will be used to illustrate how environmental conditions encountered during biomanufacturing, fermentation, and the gastrointestinal tract can impact gene expression and culture functionality.
Fermented Milk Products
Comparative Genomics
Lactobacillus casei
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The introduction of a strain or consortium has often been considered as a potential solution to restore microbial ecosystems. Extensive research on the skin microbiota has led to the development of probiotic products (with live bacterial strains) that are likely to treat dysbiosis. However, the effects of such introductions on the indigenous microbiota have not yet been investigated. Here, through a daily application of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on volunteers’ forearm skin, we studied in vivo the impact of a probiotic on the indigenous skin bacterial community diversity using Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) for 3 weeks. The results demonstrate that Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 inoculum had a transient effect on the indigenous community, as the resilience phenomenon was observed within the skin microbiota. Moreover, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 monitoring showed that, despite a high level of detection after 2 weeks of application, thereafter the colonization rate drops drastically. The probiotic colonization rate was correlated significantly to the effect on the indigenous microbial community structure. These preliminary results suggest that the success of probiotic use and the potential health benefits resides in the interactions with the human microbiota.
Lactobacillus reuteri
Dysbiosis
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Abstract Probiotic bacteria are frequently used to treat intestinal diseases or to improve health; however, little is known about the evolutionary changes of these bacteria during probiotic manufacture and the bacterial ability to colonize the intestine. It has been observed that when bacteria adapt to a new environment, they lose some traits required to thrive in the original niche. In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus reuteri was isolated from mouse duodenum and subjected to 150 serial passes in milk to simulate the industrial propagation of probiotic bacteria. The strains adapted to milk outperformed their ancestor when grown in milk; we also showed evidence of reduced intestinal colonization of milk‐adapted strains. Whole‐genome sequencing showed that bacterial adaptation to milk selects mutants with altered metabolic functions.
Lactobacillus reuteri
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Lactobacillus reuteri
Enteric bacteria
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Lactobacillus reuteri
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ABSTRACT Lactobacilli occupy a unique position in human culture and scientific history. Like brewer’s and baker’s yeast, lactobacilli have been associated with food production and preservation for thousands of years. Lactobacillus species are used in mixed microbial cultures, such as the classical Lactobacillus bulgaricus / Streptococcus thermophilus inoculum for yogurt fermentation, or combinations of diverse lactobacilli/yeasts in kefir grains. The association of lactobacilli consumption with greater longevity and improved health formed the basis for developing lactobacilli as probiotics, whose market has exploded worldwide in the past 10 years. The decade that followed the determination of the first genome sequence of a food-associated species, Lactobacillus plantarum , saw the application to lactobacilli of a full range of functional genomics methods to identify the genes and gene products that govern their distinctive phenotypes and health associations. In this review, we will briefly remind the reader of the range of beneficial effects attributed to lactobacilli, and then explain the phylogenomic basis for the distribution of these traits across the genus. Recognizing the strain specificity of probiotic effects, we review studies of intraspecific genomic variation and their contributions to identifying probiotic traits. Finally we offer a perspective on classification of lactobacilli into new genera in a scheme that will make attributing probiotic properties to clades, taxa, and species more logical and more robust.
Comparative Genomics
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Fastidious organism
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