Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Ability of Microbial Fuel Cell for Electricity Generation
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The present study aims at designing a promising Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to utilize wastewater in order to generate electricity. Two types of salt bridge have been used in MFC (KCl and NaCl). The maximum electricity generation with 1M KCl and NaCl has been 823 and 713 mV, respectively. Varied salt concentrations (0.5M, 1M, 2M, and 3M) of salt bridge in MFC have been analyzed with different factors like temperature, type of electrode, configuration, and surface area of electrode being studied. The optimum temperature is found to be 32Co, with the optimum type of electrode being graphite rod, while the optimum configuration and surface area of electrode is graphite plate with surface area of 183.6 cm2. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been employed to predict voltage production of MFC and compare it with the experimental voltage. Multiple correlation methodology has optimized the voltage production with the correlation coefficient (R2) being 0.999.Keywords:
Salt bridge
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One of the most promising applications of MFC is to use them treating organic wastes while accomplishing power generation. In this study, the effects of different electrode sizes on electricity generation performance and COD removal were investigated in dual chambered MFC. It was found that the maximum power density of S-MFC (the electrode anode size is 74.5 cm2) and L-MFC (the electrode anode size is 77.67 cm2), with the external resistor was 300Ω, were 0.23mW/cm2 and 0.41mW/cm2, respectively. In the period of 0~400 h operation, the S-MFC reached the maximum voltage 71.5 mV in 308 hours with the maximum current 186.2 μA, while the L-MFC reached the maximum voltage 97.9 mV in 184 hours with the current 271.3 μA. Moreover, the anode solution COD removal of S-MFC ranged from 1.66% to 6.87% using Ag+ solution as the cathode and the anode solution COD removal in the L-MFC varied from 7.21% to 14.86%.
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Microbial fuel cell ( MFC ) represents a new method for electricity generation. Microbial fuel cells are devices that can use bacterial metabolism to produce an electric potential from a wide range organic substrates. This research explores the application of Double chamber MFC in generating electricity using mixture of the waste water of bread factory and slurry collected from Jabalpur. The different concentration of NaCl and KCl in salt bridge has been performed. The maximum voltage obtained with respect to time (days) by these results. The potential difference generated by the MFC was measured using multimeter.
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Ultrafiltration (renal)
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Microbial fuel cell is one alternative technology that can be used to simultaneously solve problems related with wastewater production and energy demand. This study investigates the influence of electrode distance on power density in microbial fuel cell using tapioca wastewater. Graphite sheet without metal catalyst was used for both electrodes, separated by Nafion membranes. Four variations of electrode distance were used. MFC with highest electrode distance give the highest equilibrium OCV (676 mV), while the MFC with shortest electrode distance give the highest power density (7.74 mW/m2). EIS measurement suggested that the charge transfer resistance is dominant in all MFC configuration. Wastewater COD removal were in the range of 35-46 %, which were in accordance with the power density for all MFC.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Upscaling microbial fuel cells ( MFCs ) to make them energy‐competitive systems requires a systematic understanding of their operating conditions. This study emphasizes the operation of a new MFC design with two gas diffusion cathodes under three different operational modes (batch mode ( MFC‐BM ), semi‐continuous mode ( MFC‐SCM ) and continuous mode ( MFC‐CM )), towards increasing the power density, substrate utilization, bioelectrochemical kinetics and energy conversion efficiencies. RESULTS Higher power density was recorded with MFC‐SCM (20.54 mW m −2 ) followed by MFC‐CM (17.22 mW m −2 ) and MFC‐BM (0.75 mW m −2 ). Such power density magnitudes were obtained with high anode projected surface area 220 cm 2 , which is about 10–100 times larger than frequently used in laboratory‐scale MFCs . On the contrary, susbtrate utilization was higher with MFC‐BM (91–96%) followed by MFC‐SCM (74–84%) and MFC‐CM (53–81%). A higher coulombic efficiency ( CE ) was obtained with the MFC‐CM (7.5–11.2%), followed by MFC‐SCM (5.4–5.6%) and MFC‐BM (0.5–4%). This is of interest due to its dependence on both current generation as well as substrate utilization. Cyclic voltammograms along with derived bioelectro‐kinetic parameters, i.e. redox Tafel's slopes ( β a / β c ) and electron transfer co‐efficients ( α a / α c ), also explained the higher performance of MFC‐CM and MFC‐SCM . CONCLUSION Output from this study demonstrates clearly that the new MFC design can be effectively operated under continuous mode operation with high retention time to enhance wastewater treatment along with good amounts of power output. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
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Membrane electrode assembly
Limiting
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Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology utilizes bacterial growth in carbon-containing solutions to generate electricity or hydrogen. For the direct production of electricity, an MFC operates aerobically at the cathode and anaerobically at the anodes. The same basic design can be used with minor changes to produce hydrogen at the cathode by applying an additional overpotential and omitting oxygen from the cathode. In this configuration, the device is called an MEC (Microbial Electrolysis Cell). However, the term “MFC” is frequently used to describe both devices. The primary objectives of this study were to determine optimal operating conditions and to minimize the internal resistance in the MFC in order to improve the reactor performance for power generation or hydrogen production using the organism Shewanella oneidesis MR-1. In this study, MFC performance was evaluated under various operating conditions with a modified MFC system architecture called a “Dual-Anode Chambered MFC” which incorporates two anode chambers flanking a single cathode chamber. This design leads to improvements in reactor performance and reduced internal resistance by minimizing electrode separation and providing parallel electrical connectivity, which increases the maximum current the MFC can supply for a given time (mA). These improvements lead to increased maximum specific power output (W/m3), volumetric hydrogen production rate (m3-H2/m3-substrate/day), and hydrogen yield on substrate (mol-H2/mol-substrate). An analysis of reactor performance using the new MFC reactor system included as system variables the size of the electrode surface area, substrate (lactate) concentration (5mM, 10mM, 20mM), substrate flow rate (1ml/min, 3ml/min, 5ml/min), and internal resistance (Ohms) for electricity production. The maximum volumetric power density of 23.6 W/m3 (standard deviation: 2.25, error: 1.3) and hydrogen yield of 0.438 mol-H2/mol-substrate were obtained under optimized conditions; these conditions were then used to compare the reactor performance to that of a single-anode chambered MFC. Results indicated that the dual-anode MFC produced power per unit anode volume of 23.6 W/m3, about 1.2 times the power of a single-anode MFC (20.2 W/m3). This was due to the reduction of internal resistance within the dual-anode MFCs. The internal resistance was reduced by 45 %, from 106 Ohms (single-anode) to 58.3 Ohms (dual-anode).
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Microbial electrolysis cell
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Development and practical application of microbial fuel cell (MFC) is restricted because of the limitations such as low power output. To overcome low power limitation, the optimization of specific parameters including electrode materials and surface area, electrode spacing, and MFC's cell shape was investigated. To the best of our knowledge, no investigation has been reported in the literature to implement an annular single-chamber microbial fuel cell (ASCMFC) using chocolate industry wastewater. ASCMFC was fabricated via optimization of the stated parameters. The aspects of ASCMFC were comprehensively examined. In this study, the optimization of electrode spacing and its impact on performance of the ASCMFC were conducted. Reduction of electrode spacing by 46.15% (1.3-0.7 cm) resulted in a decrease in internal resistance from 100 to 50 Ω, which enhanced the power density and current output to 22.898 W/m(3) and 6.42 mA, respectively. An optimum electrode spacing of 0.7 cm was determined. Through this paper, the effects of these parameters and the performance of ASCMFC are also evaluated.
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