Evaluation of Call Mobility on Network Productivity in Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) Femtocells
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The demand for higher data rates for indoor and cell-edge users led to evolution of small cells. LTE femtocells, one of the small cell categories, are low-power low-cost mobile base stations, which are deployed within the coverage area of the traditional macro base station. The cross-tier and co-tier interferences occur only when the macrocell and femtocell share the same frequency channels. Open access (OSG), closed access (CSG), and hybrid access are the three existing access-control methods that decide users' connectivity to the femtocell access point (FAP). We define a network performance function, network productivity, to measure the traffic that is carried successfully. In this dissertation, we evaluate call mobility in LTE integrated network and determine optimized network productivity with variable call arrival rate in given LTE deployment with femtocell access modes (OSG, CSG, HYBRID) for a given call blocking vector. The solution to the optimization is maximum network productivity and call arrival rates for all cells. In the second scenario, we evaluate call mobility in LTE integrated network with increasing femtocells and maximize network productivity with variable femtocells distribution per macrocell with constant call arrival rate in uniform LTE deployment with femtocell access modes (OSG, CSG, HYBRID) for a given call blocking vector. The solution to the optimization is maximum network productivity and call arrival rates for all cells for network deployment where peak productivity is identified. We analyze the effects of call mobility on network productivity by simulating low, high, and no mobility scenarios and study the impact based on offered load, handover traffic and blocking probabilities. Finally, we evaluate and optimize performance of fractional frequency reuse (FFR) mechanism and study the impact of proposed metric weighted user satisfaction with sectorized FFR configuration.Keywords:
Femtocell
LTE Advanced
Dense femtocells are the ultimate goal of the femtocellular network deployment. Among three types of handovers: femtocell-to-macrocell, macrocell-to-femtocell, and femtocell-to-femtocell, the latter two are the main concern for the dense femtocellular network deployment. For these handover cases, minimum as well appropriate neighbor cell list is the key element for the successful handover. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to make minimum but appropriate number of neighbor femtocell list for the femtocell-to-femtocell handover. Our algorithm considers received signal level from femto APs (FAPs); open and close access cases; and detected frequencyfrom the neighbor femtocells. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to attain minimum but optimal number of neighbor femtocell list for the possible femtocell-to-femtocell handover.
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In this paper, the deployment of a LTE (Long Term Evolution) femtocell network is analyzed in downlink. The study focuses on the assessment of the induced interference on a femtocell by both femtocells and macrocells networks. This case corresponds to a shared channels scenario. The radio conditions that can be expected for femtocell and macrocell users, and thus the overall throughput that can be achieved per user served by a femtocell in an indoor environment, are also assessed. Hence, this study allows to establish preliminary conclusions on the cell size for LTE high date rates services and to analyze advantages and drawbacks of the shared channels use. To perform this study, an analytical network model, denoted fluid model, has been adapted to LTE technology and to indoor/outdoor environments.
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Dense femtocells are the ultimate goal of the femtocellular network deployment. Among three types of handovers: femtocell-to-macrocell, macrocell-to-femtocell, and femtocell-to-femtocell, the latter two are the main concern for the dense femtocellular network deployment. For these handover cases, minimum as well appropriate neighbor cell list is the key element for the successful handover. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to make minimum but appropriate number of neighbor femtocell list for the femtocell-to-femtocell handover. Our algorithm considers received signal level from femto APs (FAPs); open and close access cases; and detected frequency from the neighbor femtocells. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to attain minimum but optimal number of neighbor femtocell list for the possible femtocell-to-femtocell handover.
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Femtocells technology has emerged as a promising solution to provide the indoor coverage in the 3rd generation (3G) long-term evolution (LTE) and its advanced (LTE-Advanced) networks. In this paper, we propose a two-step interference coordination scheme to deal with the interference between femtocel
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Rapid growth in provisioning of cellular data at low or same energy expenditure is one of the most significant objectives of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) division. The exponential growth of cellular data traffic affects not only the capacity requirements of the cellular networks, but also affects the quality of service. In order to fulfill the increasing demands in cellular communications, femtocells have been proposed as a user based solution in LTE networks. This paper aims to investigate the impact of femtocells deployment on the energy efficiency of LTE/LTE-Advanced networks. The investigation focuses on the energy related issues in the LTE/LTE-Advanced networks and the effectiveness of femtocells in overall energy consumption and throughput. A detailed analysis is carried out on femtocells as an effective solution to save energy, offloading traffic from macrocell and reduce the expenditures of cellular networks.
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Femtocell is an emerging idea in the next generation wireless networks to enhance the indoor coverage. One of challenges of femtocell is how to configure femto base stations (fBSs) in an autonomous and optimal manner. In this paper, we evaluate performance of the WiMAX (802.16e) femtocell systems, i
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Femtocell base station (BS) is a low-power, low-price BS based on cellular communication technology. It is expected to become a cost-effective solution for improving the communication performance of indoor users, whose traffic demands are large in general. There are mainly three access strategies for femtocell, i.e., closed access, open access and hybrid access strategies. While it has been generally known that open/hybrid access femtocells contribute more to enhancing the system-wide performance than closed access femtocells, the operating parameters of both macro and femtocells should be carefully chosen according to the mobile operator's policy, consumer's requirements, and so on. We propose long-term parameter optimization schemes, which maximize the average throughput of macrocell users while guaranteeing some degree of benefits to femtocell owners. To achieve this goal, we jointly optimize the ratio of dedicated resources for femtocells as well as the femtocell service area in open access femtocell networks through the numerical analysis. It is proved that the optimal parameter selection of open access femtocell is a convex optimization problem in typical environments. Then, we extend our algorithm to hybrid access femtocells where some intra-femtocell resources are dedicated only for femtocell owners while remaining resources are shared with foreign macrocell users. Our evaluation results show that the proposed parameter optimization schemes significantly enhance the performance of macrocell users thanks to the large offloading gain. The benefits provided to femtocell users are also adaptively maintained according to the femtocell users' requirements. The results in this paper provide insights about the situations where femtocell deployment on dedicated channels is preferred to the co-channel deployment.
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Dense femtocells are the ultimate goal of the femtocellular network deployment. Among three types of handovers: femtocell-to-macrocell, macrocell-to-femtocell, and femtocell-to-femtocell, the latter two are the main concern for the dense femtocellular network deployment. For these handover cases, minimum as well appropriate neighbor cell list is the key element for the successful handover. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to make minimum but appropriate number of neighbor femtocell list for the femtocell-to-femtocell handover. Our algorithm considers received signal level from femto APs (FAPs); open and close access cases; and detected frequencyfrom the neighbor femtocells. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to attain minimum but optimal number of neighbor femtocell list for the possible femtocell-to-femtocell handover.
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매크로셀과 펨토셀로 중첩 구성된 LTE 펨토셀 망은 매크로셀 영역을 확대시키고 증가된 패킷 용량을 수용할 수 있다. 특히 이동 멀티미디어 서비스는 지연 및 손실에 의해 서비스 연속성이 영향을 받기 때문에 이동 멀티미디어 서비스의 QoS 요구사항을 유지하기 위한 효율적인 자원 관리 방안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 LTE 펨토셀 망에서 멀티미디어 서비스의 효율적인 QoS를 제공하기 위한 방안의 하나로 수락 제어와 부하 제어와 밀접하게 연계된 자원 할당 방안을 제안한다. 제안된 방안은 매크로셀 및 펨토셀내 자원 점유 상태의 변화에 따라 부하제어를 수행하고 실시간 서비스에는 자원 점유의 우선권을 주며, 비실시간 서비스에 대해서는 버퍼링을 통하여 최대 자원을 일시적으로 할당하는 방식을 적용한다. 제안된 방안의 성능을 시뮬레이션에 의하여 분석한다. The heterogeneous LTE-Advanced networks comprising a macrocell and femtocells can provide an efficient solution not only to extend macrocell coverage but also to deal with packet traffics increasing explosively within macrocells. Efficient resource management schemes are necessary to maintain the QoS requirements of versatile multimedia applications in LTE-Advanced networks because their service-continuity may be defected by some delay and information loss. In this paper, we propose a resource allocation method for the heterogeneous LTE-Advancedl networks overlaid with femtocells. Performances are analyzed by simulation.
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Due to the rapid growth of demands for high data rate service in indoor wireless communications, most of the cellular operators are recently interested in femtocell. Femtocell is low power and low cost indoor base station to cover traffics occurred indoors. To install femtocells in cellular networks, interference problem between macrocell and femto-cell should be solved since the interference severely degrades the performances of both macrocell and femtocell. In this paper, we propose a cooperative resource allocation scheme for macro evolved nodeB (MeNB) and home eNB (HeNB) to mitigate co-channel interference between macrocell and femtocell in long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced systems. In the proposed scheme, if MeNB recognizes that victim macro user equipments (VMUEs) are suffered by interference from neighbor HeNB, it sends dominant interfering HeNB interference coordination message including a list of candidate subchannels to be allocated to the VMUE. On receiving interference coordination message from MeNB, the interfering HeNB does not use the candidate subchannels for resource allocation to FUEs. Thus, subchannels with high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) which are not used by dominant interfering HeNB can be allocated to VMUEs. By simulations, we can notice that the proposed scheme can improves the average femtocell throughput and cell-edge user throughput of MUEs compared with power control (PC)-based interference coordination scheme while maintaining the average throughput of macrocells.
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