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    A three-dimensional (time, wavelength and intensity) functioning fluorescent probe for the selective recognition/discrimination of Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe3+ and F ions
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    Abstract:
    We have strategically incorporated three different fluorophores at tren to construct a multi-energy donor/acceptor "smart" probe L. This probe operates by using three-dimensional scales (response time, wavelength and fluorescence intensity) which allows for the selective recognition and discrimination of the Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe3+ and F- ions.
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    Intensity
    Five 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole fluorescent compounds were synthesized,their structures and fluorescent properties were measured.The paper discussed the relationship of fluorescent characteristics of the fluorescent intensity,fluorescent wave,Stoke′s shift,quantum yield of all the fluorescent compounds synthesized between the substituting groups.
    Benzimidazole
    Quantum yield
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    Abstract Detection of the time-resolved decay of the fluorescence emitted from lipid peroxidized membranes succeeded using peroxidized microsomes of rat liver. Analysis of the time resolved decay showed that three components were most adequate to fit the observed decay. This suggests the heterogeneity of the fluorescent substances related to the species of fluorophores, their forms and/or their environment. Measurements of the fluorescence lifetimes of the fluorescent substances will be of great use to further characterize the fluorescent substances.
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    Over the years, we developed highly selective fluorescent probes for K+ in water, which show K+ -induced fluorescence intensity enhancements, lifetime changes, or a ratiometric behavior at two emission wavelengths (cf. Scheme 1, K1-K4). In this paper, we introduce selective fluorescent probes for Na+ in water, which also show Na+ induced signal changes, which are analyzed by diverse fluorescence techniques. Initially, we synthesized the fluorescent probes 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 for a fluorescence analysis by intensity enhancements at one wavelength by varying the Na+ responsive ionophore unit and the fluorophore moiety to adjust different Kd values for an intra- or extracellular Na+ analysis. Thus, we found that 2, 4 and 5 are Na+ selective fluorescent tools, which are able to measure physiologically important Na+ levels at wavelengths higher than 500 nm. Secondly, we developed the fluorescent probes 7 and 8 to analyze precise Na+ levels by fluorescence lifetime changes. Herein, only 8 (Kd =106 mm) is a capable fluorescent tool to measure Na+ levels in blood samples by lifetime changes. Finally, the fluorescent probe 9 was designed to show a Na+ induced ratiometric fluorescence behavior at two emission wavelengths. As desired, 9 (Kd =78 mm) showed a ratiometric fluorescence response towards Na+ ions and is a suitable tool to measure physiologically relevant Na+ levels by the intensity change of two emission wavelengths at 404 nm and 492 nm.
    Emission intensity
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    In a paper published in 1918, describing observations on thin films of fluorescent solutions, Perrin presented an extremely interesting explanation of fluorescence. According to him, organic substances when fluorescing are in the process of being destroyed. This destruction he considers to be the cause of the fluorescence. The molecule of the fluorescent substance is supposed not to possess a permanent ability to emit light under stimulation, but to have the power to give out light at the moment of its transformation. On being transformed it is rendered incapable of further fluorescence. Since the molecules of all the fluorescent substances studied by him contained one or more benzene rings, he made the suggestion that fluorescence in the cases investigated was probably due to the rupture of these rings. R. W. Wood has also published recently an account of an investigation on the destruction of the fluorescent powers of certain solutions by exposure to sunlight. He found that the fluorescent solutions studied by him could be transformed into coloured non-fluorescent liquids that gave absorption spectra decidedly different from the original solutions. Prolonged exposure to sunlight, moreover, rendered his solutions colourless. In particular, he found that solutions of rhodamine could be bleached without the emission of fluorescent light by maintaining them at a temperature of 100°C., a result which would indicate that the transformation of the molecules of fluorescent solutions may not be as intimately connected with the phenomenon of fluorescence as Perrin has supposed.
    Rhodamine
    Fluorescent light
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    Under the experimental conditions, the fluorescence reflectance of fabrics improved with the increase of the concentration of fluorescent dyes, but it showed downtrend over a certain concentration; the fluorescence reflectance was the highest at about pH = 5; The fluorescence reflectance of dyed fabrics was improved by fluorescence brightening agent (FBA), when the concentration of FBA in Fluorescent Yellow 2GL was increased from 0.1% to 5%, the fluorescence reflectance was improved from 8.43% to 18.59%, FBA only improved the brightness of non-fluorescent dyes, and no fluorescence was observed, the fluorescence reflectance of fabrics dyed with fluorescent dyes was lowered with the adding of non-fluorescent dyes.
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    Based on a change in structure between spirocyclic (non-fluorescent) and ring-open (fluorescent) forms of rhodamine-based dyes, a new fluorescent and colorimetric Cu2+ probe was designed and synthesized. Upon treatment with Cu2+, the weakly fluorescent probe exhibited a strong fluorescence response with high selectivity. In addition, the turn-on fluorescent probe upon the addition of Cu2+ was applied in live cell imaging.
    Rhodamine
    Live cell imaging
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    Three compounds of 3-pyridin-3-yl-indolizines a,b and c were prepared.The fluorescence spectra of these compounds in different pH buffer solutions were studied.The results indicate that these three compounds all can emit strong blue fluorescent,and the fluorescence properties were affected apparently by the pH data.With the increasing of the pH,the fluorescent intensity of these three compounds all can be increased,and the emission wavelength were all red shifted,but the degrees of the increasing and red shift were obviously different.Among them,the fluorescent intensity of compounds c and a can be increased 200and 150fold,while the emission peaks of compounds b and a shifted by 49 and 30nm,respectively.
    Red shift
    Blueshift
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