Surface Science Letters Inter- and intraband inelastic scattering of hot surface state electrons at the Ag(1 1 1) surface
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The phase coherence length and the corresponding lifetime of hot electrons in the surface state band of Ag(1 1 1) have been measured with a low temperature STM for energies from the Fermi level to 3 eV. A divergence of the lifetimeKeywords:
Hot electron
Surface States
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The dynamical relaxations of photogenerated hot carriers in the X valley of Si have been studied using time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. Intravalley scattering is completed within 100 fs to form a quasiequilibrated electron distribution near the conduction-band minimum, while maintaining about half the excess energy given to hot electrons. The energy relaxation follows the scattering with a 240-fs time constant that is independent of the excess energy.
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Abstract : Ultraviolet photoemission and electron-energy-loss measurements of Si(111) - 7x7 between T = 15 and 300 K reveal significant temperature-dependent changes in the occupied surface states and their transitions which can be associated with electron-phonon coupling at the surface. Several new surface states and transitions are determined at low temperatures, including a highly localized (about 2-meV-wide), half-occupied state that resides within a 100-meV-wide surface-state band gap and determines the Fermi-level position.
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High energy resolution photoelectron spectroscopy of conduction electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi edge in Al and Au at excitation energies of 880 and 7940 eV was carried out using synchrotron radiation. For the excitation energy of 7940 eV, the observed Fermi energy of Al shows a remarkable shift to higher binding energy as compared with that of Au, with accompanying broadening. This is due to the recoil effect of the emitted photoelectrons. The observed spectra are well reproduced by a simple model of Bloch electrons based on the isotropic Debye model.
Photoelectric effect
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The surface electronic structure and optical response of Ag has been studied using angle- and energy-resolved photoyield (AERPY) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) using low energy photons (2.7--18 eV). ARPES data for Ag(100) exhibit an unexpected dispersing feature which cannot be assigned to a direct transition peak in the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\mathrm{X}$ direction of the bulk Brillouin zone. The origin of this feature is found in the surface mediated indirect transitions related to the direct transition in the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\mathrm{L}$ direction. From the AERPY experiments, the adlayer standing-wave-like bulk plasmon mode is clearly observed in Ag(100) and Ag(111) thin films. The silver multipole plasmon is observed both on Ag adlayers and bulk single crystal surfaces at 3.7 eV. No signature of the multipole plasmon is observed around 6.7 eV, in disagreement with the prediction of the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ polarization model.
Brillouin zone
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A time-domain measurement of the relaxation time of photoexcited electrons as a function of excitation energy at a single-crystal Cu(100) surface has been made with time-resolved two-photon photoemission. The relaxation lifetime of the excited electrons is found to decrease rapidly with the amount of excitation energy above the Fermi level, and we compare the measured lifetimes with a calculation based on Fermi-liquid theory. The results reveal a qualitative agreement with the theory, and indicate that effects due to transport of the electrons away from the surface and into the bulk are important.
Inverse photoemission spectroscopy
Photon energy
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Inverse photoemission spectroscopy
Photon energy
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A set of electron-correlation energies as large as 10 eV have been measured for a magnetic 2 ML Fe film deposited on Ag(001). By exploiting the spin selectivity in angle-resolved Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy and the Cini-Sawatzky theory, the core-valence-valence Auger spectrum of a spin-polarized system have been resolved: correlation energies have been determined for each individual combination of the two holes created in the four subbands involved in the decay: majority and minority spin, as well as ${e}_{g}$ and ${t}_{2g}$. The energy difference between final states with parallel and antiparallel spin of the two emitted electrons is ascribed to the spin-flip energy for the final ion state, thus disentangling the contributions of Coulomb and exchange interactions.
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Auger effect
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The spin-dependent reflectivity of electrons with energies between 0 and 20 eV from Fe single crystals 2-8 monolayers thick on a W(110) surface is studied by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy. The quantum size oscillations in the reflectivity are analyzed in a similar manner as in photoemission of ground state electrons, yielding the spin-resolved unoccupied state band structure of Fe in the Gamma N direction in the energy range studied.
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