Production and leaf nutrient content of okra influenced by soil management
Franklin de Mesquita EvandroHelena Garófalo Chaves LuciaFerreira Cavalcante LourivalJales dos Santos RodrigoAilton Pereira dos Santos Joséda Sousa Alves Anailson
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A field study was conducted to explore the effect of various rates of organic matter, two water depths, with and without mulching on production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and leaf nutrient content. This study was done for two years, and the experimental design of randomized blocks in a factorial 5 ËŸ 2 ËŸ 2 was used, with four replications. The treatments were five rates of organic matter, necessary for raising the levels of organic matter in the pits to 1.8, 2.62, 3.44, 4.26 and 5.08%, two water depths (50 and 100%) of crop evapotranspiration, and soil with and without mulch. In general, it can be observed that the results in the two experimental periods are similar; foliar contents and fruit yield were higher in the plants irrigated with greater amount of water, and also increased with the application of organic matter to the soil. The results were not very different with and without soil mulch, since, with the growth of the plants, the canopies of the same shaded the soil avoiding the evaporation of the water. Key words: Abelmoschus esculentus, organic matter, mulching, irrigation.Keywords:
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In order to generate information and suggest solution experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulch (black and white plastic mulch as well as grass mulch) on soil temperature under polyhouse condition. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during main rainy season of 2012 and 2013. Soil temperature during each individual years and combined over years was significantly improved with both plastic mulches over no mulch and grass mulch. The highest soil temperature was recorded under white plastic mulch followed by black plastic mulch. On the other hand lowest soil temperature was recorded under grass mulch treatment. White plastic mulch scored higher temperature by 1.17, 2.48 and 3.78 °C compared to black plastic mulch, no mulch and grass mulch, respectively. In general, all mulched and no mulched treatments soil temperatures were under optimal range for most warm season vegetable crops for water and mineral uptake from the soil. Both plastic mulches are recommended for users to produce most warm season vegetable crops by enhancing soil temperature during cool season and grass mulch to reduce soil temperature during hot season under polyhouse growing conditions. Keywords: Mulch, Temperature polyhouse and vegetable
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Indiana ranks seventh in the nation for watermelon production and fifth in the nation in muskmelon production. Both of these crops are intensively managed and cultivation using plastic mulches is the industry standard in the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plastic mulches of various colors and breakdown properties on the yield and earliness of eastern muskmelons in southwestern Indiana in 2002 and 2003. In 2002, eight colors were used, black, clear, brown, green, olive, grey, blue, and red. In 2003, five colors were used, grey, black, blue, clear, and olive. A bare ground treatment was also included in 2003. Temperature information was also collected both above and below these plastics in attempt to relate that back to performance of the crop. In 2002, green and clear mulches produced more melon numbers and higher melon weights compared to other mulch colors, however this was not significantly different than the black control mulch. In 2003, olive mulch produced significantly higher melon number and weight than clear mulches. In 2003, early-breakdown clear mulches, designed to last only until canopy fill, produced significantly lower yields than early-breakdown black mulch. This appears to be due primarily to weed production initiated early under the clear mulch and subsequent weed growth after mulch was broken down. The effect of plastic mulch type and earliness to crop maturity is also explored.
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This study was conducted at Al-Balqa‘ Applied University Research Station during the 2011/ 2012 growing season to assess the impact of different soil mulches on field performance, yield and quality of tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) under drip irrigation system. Seven mulch types (black plastic mulch, tuff gravel mulch, clear plastic mulch, compost mulch, no mulch, crushed stone mulch, and shredded wood mulch) were used. The experiment was conducted in the plastic house by using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed significant differences among mulch treatments in response to tomato plant growth including plant height, stem diameter, and dry matter of leaves and stems. Moreover, different mulches showed significant effects on early, medium, late and total yields/ha of the tomato fruits. Fruit average weight also significantly responded to various mulches. Therefore, based on the results of this study, application of black or compost mulch were found to be vegetatively and productively efficient and are recommended for tomato growing under plastic house conditions when using drip irrigation system.
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This study aims to determine the effect of mulching on the growth and production of chili plants. This study used a randomized block design, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. One treatment 4 sample plants. The treatments used are as follows: M0: Without using mulch; M1= Using reed mulch; M2 = Using rice straw mulch; M3 = Use silver black plastic mulch; M4 = Using clear plastic mulch; M5 = Use clear mulch covered with newspaper. The variables observed were plant height, number of secondary branches, fruit weight per plant, dry plant weight and production per hectare. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it was concluded that: black silver plastic mulch treatment gave the best effect on the growth and production of chili plants, such as plant height, number of secondary branches, fruit weight of each plant, dry weight of plant trunks, and production per hectare. Meanwhile, the production of red chilies per hectare produced by silver black plastic mulch has a higher capacity of 8.02 tons/ha and the lowest yield is 3.01 tons/ha of clear plastic mulch.
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To determine the suitability of different mulching materials for improving the yield of potato,a field experiment was conducted from January 2020 to May 2020 at Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments including: T1: silver plastic mulch, T2: black plastic mulch, T3: perforated black plastic mulch, T4: straw mulch, and T5: Control, with four replications. The experiment revealed that the highest tuber yield was obtained in silver plastic mulch (42.29tonne/ha) followed by perforated black plastic (41.04tonne/ha), black plastic (39.17tonne/ha), and straw (28.54tonne/ha) mulches, and the lowest yield was obtained in the Control treatment (21.46tonne/ha). Soil temperature was found to be influenced by the use of mulching materials with the highest soil temperature recorded under black plastic mulch, whereas the lowest soil temperature was detected under the Control treatment. The economic analysis of using different mulching materials showed the highest benefit/cost ratio by silver plastic mulch (3.63); followed by perforated black plastic mulch (3.53) and the lowest benefit/cost ratio was calculated for the Control (2.60). The present study, therefore, depicted silver plastic mulch followed by perforated black plastic mulch as the most effective mulching material for improving production of potato.
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Plastic mulch is used for agricultural production to improve crop performance and mediate local environmental concerns. Paper mulch is an alternative to plastic mulch, it is effective and more biodegradable. The performance of plastic and paper mulch materials in agricultural production varies according to climatic environments, production practices, and crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of paper mulch compared with plastic mulch and bare soil for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) field production in 2018 and 2021. Data on weed control, soil temperature, and tomato yield were recorded. Weed coverage and weeding time were reduced in paper and plastic mulch treatments compared to bare soil. Soil temperature in 2021 was lower in paper and plastic mulch treatments than in bare soil. Tomato yield was greater in plastic mulch than paper mulch and bare soil. Tomato yield for paper mulch treatments was not different from that of bare soil treatments. Paper mulch offered comparable weed control benefits as plastic mulch, and comparable tomato yield as bare soil.
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*Corresponding author: qumerhort@gmail.com Since the beginning of civilization, the man has developed technologies to increase the efficiency of food production. The use of plastic mulch in commercial vegetable production is one of these traditional techniques that have been used for centuries. Studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of plastic mulch on growth and yield of two hot pepper hybrids, viz. Sky Red and Maha in poly/plastic tunnel. The treatments were black plastic mulch, clear plastic mulch and bare soil as control. Both hot pepper hybrids mulched with black plastic showed significantly better vegetative growth (plant height, leaf area etc) and fruit yield. Clear plastic mulch significantly increased soil temperature and reduced the number of days to first flower than black plastic mulch and bare soil. However, fruit yield was higher by 39.56 and 36.49% respectively in both hybrids when they were grown on black and clear plastic mulch as compared to bare soil. Overall results indicated that the use of plastic mulch is an ideal option to maximize hot pepper productivity as well as to extend their production season in poly/plastic tunnels.
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The search for sustainable agriculture is a reality that aims saving water and agricultural inputs to obtain greater productivity. Some techniques can be used for this purpose, such as drip irrigation and the plastic mulch of the soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of plastic mulch under two water depths on the productive characteristics of a commercial tomato field. The employed experimental design was the completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial. The sources of variation were two types of soil cover (with and without plastic mulch) and two water depths (164 mm and 188 mm) with nine replicates. Plant height and water use efficiency were not influenced by soil mulch or water depth variation. Soil with plastic mulch provided a lower mean fruit mass (108.32 g fruit-1), however, with a higher number of fruits per plant (70), which contributed to a higher commercial yield (58.42 t ha-1). The highest total yield (64.08 t ha-1) was obtained in the soil with plastic mulch under the water depth of 188 mm. The use of plastic mulch associated with a water depth of 188 mm provided an increase in tomato yield.
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Field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Horticulture department, IGKV, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during the year 2003–2006. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four treatments i.e. 1) Red plastic mulch, 2) Black plastic mulch, 3) White plastic mulch and 4) Surface irrigation without mulch was treated as control (recommended cultivation). The experiment was laid out to assess their importance as mulching component in Tomato cultivation. The study revealed that drip irrigation with red plastic mulch of 25-micron thickness showed superior yield and yield attributing characters as compared to other mulched treatments. The yield of tomato in red plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, white plastic mulch and control plots were 335.75, 324.62 312.18 and 230.72 q/ha respectively. These results showed that the red, black and white plastic mulch increased the yield of tomato by 45.52, 40.06 and 35.30% respectively over the control. The vegetative growth flowering and quality parameters were best under red-mulched plants as camped to control. Water use efficiency and water savings were found to be highest under red plastic mulch and lowest under non-mulch condition. The net income was recorded higher under red plastic mulch (Rs.85800) and lowest in without plastic mulch (Rs. 38020). Similarly benefit cost ratio was also recorded most economical in red plastic mulch as compared to non-mulch condition.
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Plastic mulch is one of the effective ways to conserve water in the soil reservoir to be uptaken gradually by plants. Combination of plastic mulch and drip irrigation was popularized in the United State for more than two decades and recently in some parts of Iran, due to “quicker to market” benefit of faster seed germination and plant growth. However, the combination of plastic and furrow irrigation has not yet been fully examined in the field to find if there is any effect on soil water conservation and likelihood increase in the yield. The objective of this study was to find the effect of plastic mulch along with furrow irrigation on cucumber and tomato yield in the field at flowering and production stages. For this purpose, a series of experiments were performed in a field in Najaf Abad city in Esfahan province, Iran. Experimental layout consisted of three treatments: furrows without mulch, furrows conjunction with opaque (or clear) plastic mulch and furrows conjunction with black plastic mulch for both cucumber and tomato independently. Each treatment was replicated three times. The soil moisture content was monitored during the season and crops yield were estimated and the results were compared to control (furrows without plastic mulch). Overall, there was a significant difference in soil moisture retention between clear plastic and control and also between yields resulted from furrows with clear, black and without plastic mulches for both cucumber and tomato crops.
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