Clonal diversity and geographic distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Australian animals: Discovery of novel sequence types
Kate A. WorthingSam AbrahamGeoffrey W. CoombsStanley PangSugiyono SaputraDavid JordanDarren J. TrottJacqueline M. Norris
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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Multilocus sequence typing
Broth microdilution
Molecular Epidemiology
Volume 65, no. 7, e02587-20, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02587-20. In Table 4, a single methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolate inhibited by 0.12 μg/ml of exebacase is presented, and the remaining 148 isolates tested have an exebacase MIC range of 0.25 to 1 μg/ml. Further investigation of the isolate with an exebacase MIC of 0.12 μg/ml to confirm bacterial identification (by MALDI-TOF) and MIC revealed the isolate to be Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Based on this finding, the authors wish to correct Table 4 and the corresponding text that refers to the S. aureus MIC data accordingly. With these corrections, the interpretation and conclusions of the article remain the same.
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2008～2018年に犬の皮膚病変から分離したStaphylococcus属菌に対するセフォベシンナトリウム（CFV）の薬剤感受性を調査した。分離した菌に対して菌種同定を行い，犬膿皮症の主要な原因菌種であるStaphylococcus pseudintermediusについて耐性率を算出した。2008年～2014年にかけて耐性率は約5倍に上昇したが，2014年以降は20%前後で推移していた。今後は耐性率を上昇させないためにも，CFVの適正使用について引き続き留意する必要があると考えられた。
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Records of all Diagnostic laboratory submissions from 2012 to 2015 were examined and subjected to analysis according to species, location of infection, species of bacteria, and antibiotic resistance/susceptibility. A total of 23.8% of all culture isolates were Staphylococcus sp. Of those Staphylococcus, 43% were isolated from surgical site infections. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius accounted for approximately 28% of all staphylococcus cultures, while methicillin-resistant (MR) S. pseudintermedius accounted for 8% of all staphylococcus cultures. Environmental samples were also collected by swabbing surfaces in the intensive care unit (ICU) and anesthesia prep room at the OSU VTH. Isolated bacterial colonies were subjected to PCR for species identification and for the presence of the mecA gene. Ability of horizontal transfer in vitro of the mecA gene was evaluated by incubating the mecA positive bacterium, with the mecA negative bacterium, and then plated onto agar plates infused with known concentration of oxacillin. Colonies were then subjected to PCR for species and mecA identification. Horizontal transfer of the mecA gene was demonstrated and confirmed via PCR from MR S. epidermidis to MS S. pseudintermedius in an in vitro model that mimicked the veterinary hospital environment. Biofilms were established using four Staphylococcus species isolated from swabbing the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and anesthesia prep room and were resistant when exposed to the current cleaning agent. Staphylococcus species makeup nearly ¼ of all infections at OSU VDL during the four years of the study, and MS S. pseudintermedius was shown to acquire the mecA gene from an environmental strain.
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This study aimed to detect and identify staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains from different sources, and to investigate the relationship between their sequence types (STs) and SE gene patterns.The profiles of 17 SE genes in 93 MRSP strains isolated from dogs (n=43), humans (n=18) and the environment (n=32) were detected by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), SCCmec typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to analyse the clonal relatedness between the molecular type and SE gene profiles.Results/Key findings. The human MRSP strains harboured the greatest number of SE genes (12/17; sea, sec, seg, sei, sek, sel, sem, sen, seo, sep, seq and tst-1) compared to those from dogs (5/17; sec, sel, sem, seq and tst-1) and environmental sources (3/17; sec, seq and tst-1). Using MLST and PFGE, different SE gene profiles were found within the same clonal type.We show that isolates of MRSP vary in their virulence gene profiles, depending on the source from which they have been isolated. This insight should encourage the development of appropriate monitoring and mitigation strategies to reduce the transmission of MRSP in veterinary hospitals and households.
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Although Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is considered the major pathogen associated with superficial canine pyoderma, no study has investigated the entire bacterial community in these lesions with molecular techniques. The objectives of this study were to characterize the bacterial microbiota in two forms of superficial canine pyoderma lesions, superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) and epidermal collarette (EC), especially in terms of the staphylococcal community. Swabs from 12 SBF and 9 EC lesions were obtained from eight and six atopic dogs, respectively. Eight samples from the axilla and groin of four healthy dogs served as controls. DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of Staphylococcus spp. and S. pseudintermedius. Healthy skin samples harbored significantly more diverse bacterial communities than pyoderma samples. Healthy samples had communities that were more similar to each other, and were distinct from pyoderma samples. Staphylococcus spp. abundance was increased in pyoderma samples, especially those from EC samples. Although determining species-level identities of staphylococcal sequences revealed many species, S. pseudintermedius was the primary staphylococcal species found in all sample types. As expected, there are many differences in the microbiota when comparing healthy and canine pyoderma lesions samples. These lesions do not seem to be associated with a change in the relative abundance of specific Staphylococcus species, but simply an overall increase in Staphylococcus spp. abundance. The results of this study provide a starting point for future studies investigating how antimicrobial treatments may further change the microbiota associated with these lesions.
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections
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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a bacterium found on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy dogs. Generally, the bacteria is harmless, but the bacteria can also cause infections, such as ear and skin infections. Occasionally, infections with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius occur in humans. We compared Staphylococcus pseudintermedius bacteria originating from infections in ... read more dogs with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius bacteria originating from infections in humans. This comparison showed no difference between S. pseudintermedius bacteria from dogs and humans, thereby confirming our suspicion that the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius bacteria pass from the dog to its owner through intensive contact between them. Infections caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius can usually be treated effectively with antibiotics, but Staphylococcus pseudintermedius can become resistant to an antibiotic. If so, the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius bacterium is no longer sensitive to the antibiotic and an infection is difficult to treat. In our research, we looked at the best way to measure resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius bacteria in the laboratory. In addition, we investigated how Staphylococcus pseudintermedius becomes resistant to antibiotics. We showed that Staphylococcus pseudintermedius becomes resistant by picking up pieces of DNA from nearby bacteria. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius can even pick up multiple different pieces of DNA and thus become multi-resistant. This means that the bacterium is insensitive to a large number of antibiotics, which makes treatment even more difficult. That is not just unpleasant for the dog with an infection caused by a multi-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, but may also pose a risk for its owner. show less
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Objectives To investigate whether hospitalised dogs treated surgically may become culture positive for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Methods Surgically treated dogs (n=45) were sampled for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on admission, before and after surgery and at the time of removal of surgical stitches. The hospital environment (n=57), including healthy dogs in the veterinary hospital environment (n=34), were sampled for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Genetic variations among methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified through detection of restriction fragment polymorphisms. Results No dogs developed a wound infection due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus . However, there was a significant increase in the number of dogs carrying methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius after hospitalisation compared to admission (P<0·001). No methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from dogs, but was present in the environment. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates were recovered from environmental surfaces and hospitalised animals, but not from healthy dogs. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates representing nine different restriction endonuclease digestion patterns were found, with two of these occurring in both the environment and on dogs. Clinical Significance Dogs may contract methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in association with surgery and hospitalisation. Resistant bacteria may be transmitted between dogs, staff and the environment. Dogs colonised with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius may be a source for hospital‐ and community‐acquired infections.
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A study was conducted for the examination of bacterial species isolated in dogs from Animal Clinics of Nanjing Agricultural University, China. Forty nasal swabs were taken from dogs having respiratory signs. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most frequently isolated pathogen (37.50 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (18.75%), Streptococcus pluranimalium (10.93%), Streptococcus canis (9.37%), Staphylococcus schleiferi (9.37%), Staphylococcus intermedius (6.25%), Staphylococcus cohnii (4.71%) and Staphylococcus hominis (3.12%). S. pseudintermedius and S. pluranimalium were subjected to commonly used antibiotics for determination of resistant drugs. Antimicrobial resistance in S. pseudintermedius was common in gentamicin (70.83%) and tetracycline (50%) while in S. pluranimalium was common in enrofloxacin (71.42%) and gentamicin (57.14%).
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Multilocus sequence typing
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
SCCmec
Lineage (genetic)
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