Automatic White Blood Cell Segmentation for Detecting Leukemia
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White blood cell
Polysome
Homogenization
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The ultrasturcture of the cell nucleus and perinuclear cytoplasm in Acetabularia is quite different in young and old cells. When a nucleus of an old cell was implanted into the cytoplasm of a young cell the nucleus assumed the morphology typical of a young cell within less than 10 days. The cytoplasm of an old cell was able to induce the reverse change in an implanted nucleus from a young cell. This cytoplasmic induction of nuclear ageing appeared to proceed more rapidly than rejuvenation.
Acetabularia
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Objective: To analyze the interfering factors of the induced remission in acute leukemia. Methods: The treatment in 64 patients with acute leukemia were summarized and the relationship between the complete remission (CR) and factors, including age, the types of leukemia, bone marrow primary (or promyelocyte) cell ratios, white blood cell (WBC) counts in peripheral blood, with or without hepatosplenomegaly were analyzed. Results: There was significant difference in the CR ratios between the different ages and WBC counts (P0. 05). There was no significant difference among the CR ratios in the types of leukemia, bone marrow primary (or promylocyte) cell ratios and with or without hepatosplenomegaly (P0. 05). Conclusion: The old age (≥60) and high WBC counts in acute leukemia (WBC counts in peripheral blood ≥100×109/L) may have low CR rate, and the prognosis will be poor.
Hepatosplenomegaly
White blood cell
Promyelocyte
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Amoeba proteus
Uracil
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Relations between a cytoplasmic species specificity and the duration of cleavage cycles were investigated by reciprocal injections of egg cytoplasm. Xenogenic cytoplasm induces an early or delayed cleavage of the recipient egg depending on the chronological specificity of the injected cell cytoplasm. Activity of the so-called cleavage timing system (CTS) was first detected in the cytoplasm of maturing oocytes at the stage of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). This specific cytoplasmic property was not dependent on the maturation promoting factor (MPF). Relations between the CTS and other cytoplasmic components which are known to induce cleavage are discussed.
Cleavage (geology)
Germinal vesicle
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Abstract Recent studies have shown cytoplasmic droplets to be normal morphological occurrences in human male spermatozoa. When the cytoplasm around the sperm midpiece is present in large amounts, however, pathological effects may transpire. The cytoplasmic droplet then becomes known as excess residual cytoplasm, which can impair overall sperm function and produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to male infertility. Though the distinction between cytoplasmic droplets and excess residual cytoplasm has been made, some studies fail to recognize the difference and incorrectly label the latter as a cytoplasmic droplet. This review attempts to clarify excess residual cytoplasm’s effect on fertility, examine the enzymes responsible, and suggest tests and possible treatment options for those affected by this defect.
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S olberg , R. A., and J. G. B ald . (U. California, Los Angeles.) Cytoplasmic structure of healthy and TMV‐infected living cells. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49 (2) : 149–157. Illus. 1962.—Epidermal leaf hairs from tobacco‐mosaic‐virus‐infected (TMV) tobacco plants were examined with a high‐resolution, phase‐contrast microscope. The infected cells were at a stage, following virus multiplication, when many of them contained crystals and X‐bodies. Attention was concentrated on the background cytoplasm. Structural features were seen that do not usually appear in descriptions of normal cytoplasm. In the parietal cytoplasm of normal cells are relatively homogeneous regions and regions containing what may be interpreted as included portions of the vacuolar system (vesicles). There are also ridges on the vacuolar surface of the cytoplasm representing lines of flow. Thus, the cytoplasm has a varied and changeable topography. The description of normal cytoplasm, apart from such features, corroborates many observations of previous workers; but some of these are included to provide the necessary contrast with diseased cytoplasm. Cytoplasm infected with TMV exhibits increased density and viscosity. Vesicles become isolated, some of the membranous separations retract, cyclosis slows, and vesicles become less elongate as the forces of cyclosis are reduced. Lines of flow in the nonvesiculate cytoplasm may also retract. Typical virus crystals precipitate. X‐bodies form from regions of coagulated cytoplasm and include constituents of the chondriome. The relationship between the vesiculate nature of cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum of electron microscopists is discussed. The presence of non‐aggregated, dispersed virus in cytoplasm is related to the microscopic symptoms of TMV infection.
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Solberg, R. A., and J. G. Bald. (U. California, Los Angeles.) Cytoplasmic structure of healthy and TMV-infected living cells. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49 (2) : 149–157. Illus. 1962.—Epidermal leaf hairs from tobacco-mosaic-virus-infected (TMV) tobacco plants were examined with a high-resolution, phase-contrast microscope. The infected cells were at a stage, following virus multiplication, when many of them contained crystals and X-bodies. Attention was concentrated on the background cytoplasm. Structural features were seen that do not usually appear in descriptions of normal cytoplasm. In the parietal cytoplasm of normal cells are relatively homogeneous regions and regions containing what may be interpreted as included portions of the vacuolar system (vesicles). There are also ridges on the vacuolar surface of the cytoplasm representing lines of flow. Thus, the cytoplasm has a varied and changeable topography. The description of normal cytoplasm, apart from such features, corroborates many observations of previous workers; but some of these are included to provide the necessary contrast with diseased cytoplasm. Cytoplasm infected with TMV exhibits increased density and viscosity. Vesicles become isolated, some of the membranous separations retract, cyclosis slows, and vesicles become less elongate as the forces of cyclosis are reduced. Lines of flow in the nonvesiculate cytoplasm may also retract. Typical virus crystals precipitate. X-bodies form from regions of coagulated cytoplasm and include constituents of the chondriome. The relationship between the vesiculate nature of cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum of electron microscopists is discussed. The presence of non-aggregated, dispersed virus in cytoplasm is related to the microscopic symptoms of TMV infection.
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