Revisiting Mg–Mg2Ni System from Electronic Perspective
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Both Mg and Mg2Ni are promising electrode materials in conversion-type secondary batteries. Earlier studies have shown their single-phase prospects in electro-devices, while in this work, we have quantitatively reported the electronic properties of their dual-phase materials, that is, Mg–Mg2Ni alloys, and analyzed the underlying reasons behind the property changes of materials. The hypoeutectic Mg–Mg2Ni alloys are found to be evidently more conductive than the hypereutectic Mg–Mg2Ni system. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations give the intrinsic origin of electronic structures of both Mg2Ni and Mg. The morphology of quasi-nanoscale eutectics is another factor that can affect the electronic properties of the investigated alloy system; that is, the electrical property change of the investigated alloys system is due to a combination of the intrinsic property difference between the two constituting phases and the change of eutectic microstructures that affect electron scattering. In addition, regarding the Mg–Mg2Ni alloy design for device applications, the electronic property and mechanical aspect should be well balanced.Elongation
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The eutectic mixture of KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 system is a crucial factor causing buildups in preheating-decomposition systems during the drying process. The lower the melting point of the melts is, the larger the capability of powdery mass that sticks in the melt is, therefore, the greater effects on buildups. The temperature range of the eutectic mixture formation for KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 system was tested and illustrated by chemical agents and an experimental electrical stove. The results show that, for the three-component system comprising KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4, the eutectic point is less than 800 ℃,while the minimum eutectic point is less than 500 ℃. The major range of the eutectic point is 500 — 700 ℃. The eutectic point is lower at a higher content of Na2SO4, indicating that the Na2SO4 has a greater effect on buildups than K2SO4.
Atmospheric temperature range
Eutectic bonding
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Isothermal process
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Abstract By alloy melting, microstructure analysis and micro-hardness test, the effects of Sm addition on the microstructure of Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy with solution treatment and aging treatment were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the tested alloy consisted of α-Mg matrix, Mg 41 Sm 5 , Mg 5 Gdm, Mg 24 Y 5 and β’ phases, and Sm improved the micro-hardness value of α-Mg matrix attributed to its better solid solution strengthening effect in α-Mg. The micro-hardness of the alloy with Sm increases obviously from HV121.4 to HV134.3 when compared with that of Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy.
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Vickers hardness test
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Cu–10% P–6% Sn alloy rods with columnar crystal structure were synthesized in this study utilizing Cu–10% P–6% Sn alloy as the starting material. Continuous directional solidification was used to produce Cu–10% P–6% Sn (mass percentage) alloy rods with a diameter of 8 mm, and the heat treatment procedure was arried out under the condition of cast alloy. Optical microscopy and field emission scanning microscopy were then used to investigate the microstructure of the cast alloy. The impact of heat treatment on microstructure evolution was also investigated. The microstructure of a Cu–10% P–6% Sn alloy produced by continuous directed solidification had a Cu-rich dendritic structure, and the second phase structure was linear or spherical, according to the findings.
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Strong magnetic field method was adopted to solve the problems,such as the loss of efficiency after re-melt,the short effective time after Na modification,and the primary Si distributed unevenly after P modification.Al-6%Si hypoeutectic alloy and Al-12.6%Si eutectic alloy were modified with Na-salt,and Al-18%Si hypereutectic alloy was modified with P-salt in strong magnetic field respectively.The experimental results show that for Al6%Si hypoeutectic alloy,the magnetic field can avoid the loss of efficiency,and for Al-12.6%Si eutectic alloy,the strong magnetic field can prolong the effective time of the modification.For Al-18%Si hypereutectic alloy,the primary Si distributes evenly when the strong magnetic field imposed.Experimental results also show that the strong magnetic field can improve the modification.
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Abstract The effect of Sr addition on the microstructure of a melt-spun Al-12% Si alloy has been investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The Sr addition has no effect on the phase constitution but has a marked effect on the microstructure of the melt-spun alloy. The distribution, morphology and orientation of Si in the melt-spun alloy with the Sr addition are different from those in the alloy without Sr. Under rapid solidification conditions, cooling rates play a dominant role in the microstructure formation of the Al-12% Si alloy.
Melt spinning
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The present investigation is concerned with an anomalous eutectic reaction which takes place at a temperature lower than their ordinary eutectic points, provided that the eutectic system contains at least an intermetallic compound as one of the components. These experiments were carried out for the system of iron and silicon. It was found out that there are two kinds of diffusion rates of silicon into iron, which suggests that a liquid with concentration near to the composition of the compound FeSi is able to coexist with primary solid solutions of iron and silicon at a temperature lower than the ordinary eutectic points.
Eutectic bonding
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A new type of Al-2.5%P master alloy has been developed, which can be used to modify eutectic and hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. The modifying performance, the P distribution inside Si phases and modification mechanisms were investigated. It has been found that the Al-P master alloy can remarkably refine primary Si grains in hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and its σ_(b,20℃) and δ_(20℃)can increase by 19.0% and 125% respectively; σ_(b,20℃) and σ_(b,300℃) of modified eutectic Al-Si alloy can increase by 11.1% and 18.9% respectively as result of the appearance of fine primary Si grains and shorter eutectic Si crystals. AIP particles are easily found in the center of some primary Si phases in treated hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, while AIP and dissociative P are observed in Si phase in modified eutectic Al-Si alloy. It is considered that there are two modification mechanisms for eutectic Al-Si alloy, one is heterogeneous nucleation and refining of primary Si phase by AlP particles, and the other is P atoms modify the morphologies of Si phases. The modification for the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy mainly depends on heterogeneous nucleation mechanism induced by AlP particles.
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By means of optical micrograph,the microstructure of in-situ Mg2Si reinforced hypoeutectic Al-8%Si alloy composite was studied.The results show that,the microstructure of eutectic Mg2Si in the composite with 6%Mg is coarse chinese characters-like shape and dendritic shape.While the content of magnesium is 2%,the number of eutectic Mg2Si in the composite with 2% Mg decreases,the microstructure of eutectic Mg2Si is particle shape and dendritic shape.The microstructures of eutectic Mg2Si in the composite with 4% Mg is fibrilliform and dendritic shape,which is the optimum microstructure of in-situ Mg2Si reinforced hypoeutectic Al-8%Si alloy composite.
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