Spallation source generates first neutrons
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The ¥2.2bn ($330m) China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has produced its first neutrons. The CSNS is the fourth spallation neutron source to be built in the world and one of the largest scientific facilities in China.Keywords:
Spallation Neutron Source
Ultra Cold Neutrons (UCN) can be produced at spallation sources using a variety of techniques. To date the technique used has ben to Bragg scatter and Doppler shift cold neutrons into UCN from a moving crystal. This is particularly applicable to short-pulse spallation sources. We are presently constructing a UCN source at LANSCE using this method.In addition, large gains in UCN density should be possible using cryogenic UCN sources. Research is under way at Gatchina to demonstrate technical feasibility of a frozen deuterium source. If successful, a source of this type could be implemented at future spallation source, such as the long pulse source being planned at Los Alamos, with a UCN density that may be two orders of magnitude higher than that presently available at reactors.
Spallation Neutron Source
Ultracold neutrons
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The research for intermediate energy proton accelerator driven radiologically clean nuclear power system has attracted considerable attention. The spallation neutron source induced by intermediate energy proton nucleus interaction is a key point and has not solved yet for the transmutation and applications. The theoretical programs related to the spallation neutron source for accelerator driven system (ADS) are discussed at present work.
Spallation Neutron Source
Nuclear transmutation
Neutron Transport
Point source
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Spallation Neutron Source
Nuclear transmutation
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Development of accelerator-based neutron sources began after the 1970s, starting with electron accelerators using the bremsstrahlung photoneutron reaction. Now proton accelerators are the main drivers for neutron sources because of the efficiency of the spallation nuclear reaction for neutron yield (spallation source). Consequently, development of accelerator technology increases the power and neutron flux of spallation sources [1]. The pulsed nature of accelerator-based neutron sources in most cases can give large advantage in experiments using the time-of-flight (TOF) method. Moreover, because the heat dissipates slowly in the period between pulses the instantaneous power and neutron flux can be very high (thermal shock remains a problem to be overcome at the highest levels of proton power) [2]. Hence, building spallation neutron sources instead of reactors is becoming a world trend as demonstrated by the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee (U.S.A.) and JSNS (what is called Japan Spallation Neutron Source) in the J-PARC, on which we describe here recent development. China has started construction of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), and quite recently a European Spallation Source (ESS) construction site has been decided on in Lund, Sweden after a tough bidding against Spain and Hungary.
Spallation Neutron Source
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Spallation Neutron Source
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The fraction of delayed neutrons ..beta.. (with T/sub 1/2/ greater than or equal to 0.025 s) in slow-neutron beams from a /sup 238/U pulsed spallation neutron source is 0.0053 for 300 MeV protons. This measurement appears to be the first one of this quantity. The result indicates that, for most classes of measurements, the delayed-neutron background in time-of-flight instruments will be unimportant, and places constraints on the physics description of spallation targets. The measurement was performed at the prototype pulsed spallation neutron source, ZING-P', at Argonne National laboratory. 4 figures.
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A Spallation Neutron Source Systems Model has been developed to facilitate parameter and cost studies of accelerator-based spallation neutron source (SNS) systems. This model includes modules for all pertinent components and processes, such as accelerators and rings, target (neutron source), experimental facilities, conventional facilities, construction costs, preoperational costs, etc. Present accelerator modules include room temperature linacs, accumulator rings (AR) and rapid cycling synchrotrons (RCS). All the modules in the model are linked together via an optimizer to facilitate overall trade studies. The model has been developed for and used by the National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) project to be built in Oak Ridge.
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Spallation Neutron Source
Neutron Detection
Neutron time-of-flight scattering
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We consider temperature stabilization of the phase-reference line at the European Spallation Source, a facility for neutron spallation currently under construction. Based on extensive modeling of the heat dynamics, a prototype model-based control system with associated hardware architecture is developed and experimentally evaluated on a small-scale setup. The results indicate that temperature stability within ±0.1°C is possible to achieve, also with significant disturbances in the ambient temperature expected during operation.
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Line (geometry)
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This paper outlines the major activities and applications of the Unified Accelerator Library environment for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Ring.
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