Immunomodulatory Effects of Antimicrobial Drugs
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KEYWORDS: Toll-like receptorsantimalarialschronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseanthelminthic drugs drugsKeywords:
Antimicrobial drug
Anti-Infective Agents
Objective To observe the facilitation effect of drug classification management system to the rational application of antimicrobial drug in our hospital.Methods The outbound records of antibacterial drug in inpatient department of our hospital from 2009 to 2011 were collected.The use situation of antimicrobial drug were analyzed by the unit of annual.Results With the development of drugs classification of management work,the proportion of the sales amount of antimicrobial drug in the total amount of all drug sales decreased year by year.The use drug frequency of oral antibacterial drugs and the annual growth rate of sales amount was significantly higher than the injection of antimicrobial agents.The use amount of antimicrobial drug with the limiting of the application increased year by year.Conclusion Antimicrobial drug abuse in our hospital gets effectively control by the implementation of the antibacterial drug classification management system,the use of antibacterial drug in particular for the drug with the limiting of the application are becoming more rational.
Antimicrobial drug
Limiting
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of drug price reduction on the use of antimicrobial drugs for patients with tumor in our hospital.METHODS:The consumption sum,DDDs,and DDC of antimicrobial drugs during 8 times of drug price reduction from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:In respect of the consumption sum,the proportion of antimicrobial drugs accounted for 9.47%～7.27% of the total,which dropped year by year.However,the total DDC of the antimicrobial drugs increased year by year.The changes of DDDs and the DDC of all kinds of the antimicrobial drugs showed a varied tendency.CONCLUSION:The price reduction for the antimicrobial drugs is helpful for the rational use of the antimicrobial drugs.
Antimicrobial drug
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Objective To investigate the application of prophylactic antimicrobial agents in clean operation,standardize the application of prophylactic antimicrobial agents and reduce the medical cost.Methods Application of antimicrobial agents in patients who received clean operations in 13 county-level hospitals in a city in september 2004 were investigated and filled in the questionnaires.Results Sixty hundred and thirty-nine patients were investigated,prophylactic antimicrobial usage rate was 98.28%(628/639),the average time for using antimicrobial agents was(7.60±2.57)days,55.25%(347/628)were for single usage,44.75%(281/628)for combined usage,50.64%(318/628)were third generation cephalosporins.Average cost of antimicrobial agents was($1 064.64±286.51),which accounting for 43.38% of total drug expense,expenses of cardiothoracic surgery and neurosurgical department was higher,which was($2 783.1±653.39) and($1 991.56±623.32) respectively.Conclusion Antimicrobial prophylactic usage in basic-level hospitals is high,the main irrational drug use are long usage time and superior drug usage,which are also the main causes of high cost of antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrobial drug
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Any chemical used in treatment, relief or prophylaxis of disease is defined as a chemotherapeutic drug or agent. When chemotherapeutic drugs are given to control infection, the practice is termed antimicrobial chemotherapy. Antimicrobial drugs (also termed anti-infective drugs) are a special class of compounds capable even in high dilutions of destroying or inhibiting microorganisms. The origin of modern antimicrobial drugs is varied.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Antimicrobial drug
Chemotherapeutic drugs
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This chapter contains sections titled: The Swedish approach to prudent antimicrobial use (K.E. Bergvall) Control of antimicrobial drug use in North America (A. Hillier) Responsible use of topical antimicrobial agents (D.N. Carlotti) Use of antimicrobial combinations in difficult infections (J.S. Weese)
Antimicrobial drug
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Objective To study the use of antimicrobial agents in hospital andto promote the rational management of antimicrobial agents. Methods 300 patients were involved in a retrospective analysis for their use of drugs,combination therapy,administration time,pathologic examination as well as frequencyof antimicrobial agents use. Results Aftertreatment interventions,a reasonable degree of antimicrobial agentsusewere improved significantly,before or after operation or intraoperative. At same time,the subject of antimicrobial drug use has changed,and the total amount of drug use has declined. Conclusion The pathogenic examination should be strengthened to promote personalized medicine and improve the drugsmanagement,whichguaranteethe use of antimicrobial drugs be safe,reasonable and effective.
Antimicrobial drug
Drug Administration
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Anti-Infective Agents
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Antimicrobial drug
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The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains to conventional antimicrobial agents has complicated and prolonged infection treatment and increased mortality risk globally. Furthermore, some of the conventional antimicrobial agents are unable to cross certain cell membranes thus, restricting treatment of intracellular pathogens. Therefore, the disease-causing-organisms tend to persist in these cells. However, the emergence of nanoparticle (NP) technology has come with the promising broad spectrum NP-antimicrobial agents due to their vast physiochemical and functionalization properties. In fact, NP-antimicrobial agents are able to unlock the restrictions experienced by conventional antimicrobial agents. This review discusses the status quo of NP-antimicrobial agents as potent broad spectrum antimicrobial agents, sterilization and wound healing agents, and sustained inhibitors of intracellular pathogens. Indeed, the perspective of developing potent NP-antimicrobial agents that carry multiple-functionality will revolutionize clinical medicine and play a significant role in alleviating disease burden.
Broad spectrum
Anti-Infective Agents
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