Electrochemical reduction of azidophenyl-deoxynucleoside conjugates at mercury surface
Aleš DaňhelZuzana TrošanováJana BalintováAnna ŠimonováLubomı́r Pospı́šilJosef CvačkaMichal HocekMiroslav Fojta
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Bulk electrolysis
Supporting electrolyte
Polarography
Electrosynthesis
The polarographic reduction of the title azodye has been studied, a mechanism was proposed and optimal conditions were found for the determination of this substance by TAST polarography in the range 5.10 -5 -2.10 -6 mol l -1 and differential pulse polarography at a dropping mercury electrode in the range 5.10 -5 -2.10 -8 mol l -1 . The sensitivity was further increased by adsorptive accumulation of the determined substance on the surface of a hanging mercury drop electrode with linear scan voltammetry (determination limit 5.10 -10 mol l -1 ). The selectivity was increased by prior separation of the determined azodye using thin layer chromatography and by transferring the substance adsorbed on the surface of the hanging mercury drop to a new base electrolyte solution.
Polarography
Supporting electrolyte
Mercury
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The voltammetric and polarographic behaviour of Cobalt Dimethylglyoxime (Co-DMG) complex on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) has been studied by several techniques including Square wave voltammetry (SWV), Differential pulse polarography (DPP) and stripping techniques. Polarographic and voltammetric curves recorded at HMDE and SMDE provide information about electrode reaction mechanism. Catalytic effect of nitrite on the electrochemical reduction mechanism of the complex have been explained.
Polarography
Dimethylglyoxime
Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
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Electrochemical behavior of genotoxic 2,7-dinitrofluoren-9-one was investigated by DC polarography and DC tast polarography, both at a dropping mercury electrode, and by cyclic voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode, in buffered aqueous-methanolic solutions. The number of exchanged electrons was determined by constant-potential coulometry at a mercury pool electrode. A possible mechanism of the electrochemical reduction has been proposed. Optimal conditions were found for the determination of 2,7-dinitrofluoren-9-one by DC tast polarography in the concentration range from 2 × 10 –6 to 1 × 10 –5 mol l –1 and by differential pulse polarography (from 2 × 10 –7 to 1 × 10 –5 mol l –1 ), both at dropping mercury electrode, by differential pulse voltammetry (from 2 × 10 –8 to 1 × 10 –5 mol l –1 ) and by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (from 2 × 10 –9 to 1 × 10 –7 mol l –1 ), both at hanging mercury drop electrode. Practical applicability of the developed methods was verified on the direct determination of 2,7-dinitrofluoren-9-one in drinking water in 10 –8 mol l –1 concentration range, and in drinking and river water (both in 10 –9 mol l –1 concentration range) using preliminary separation and preconcentration by solid-phase extraction.
Polarography
Coulometry
Mercury
Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
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Polarography
Supporting electrolyte
Triazine
Mercury
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The voltammetric and polarographic behavior of 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-[N-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino]phenol disodium salt dihydrate (5-Br-PAPS) at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) has been studied by several techniques including square-wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse polarography (DPP), direct current polarography (DCP) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Current-potential curves recorded at a HMDE and SMDE provide information about the electrode reaction mechanism. The electrochemical reduction mechanism of the azo compound is suggested using SWV, DPP, DCP and CV techniques in different electrolyte media.
Polarography
Supporting electrolyte
Mercury
Peak current
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The polarographic behaviour of 1-nitropyrene was investigated by tast polarography, differential pulse polarography (both with a dropping mercury electrode), differential pulse voltammetry, and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (both with a hanging mercury drop electrode). Optimum conditions have been found for its determination by the given methods in the concentration ranges 2-100, 0.2-100, 0.1-10, and 0.001-0.01 μmol l -1 , respectively.
Polarography
Mercury
Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
Peak current
Differential pulse voltammetry
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The polarographic behaviour of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyltriazene in a mixed aqueous-methanolic medium was investigated by tast polarography and differential pulse polarography at a dropping mercury electrode, constant-potential coulometry at a large area mercury electrode and cyclic voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode. A mechanism has been proposed for its polarographic reduction and optimal conditions have been found for its determination by tast polarography in the concentration range 2-100 μmol l -1 and by differential pulse polarography at a dropping mercury electrode, differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode and linear scan voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode in the concentration range 0.2-100 μmol l -1 . The sensitivity of the determination can be further improved through adsorptive accumulation of the test substance on the surface of the hanging mercury drop electrode; fifteen-second accumulation in stirred solution allows determination in the range 0.01-0.1 μmol l -1 .
Polarography
Mercury
Coulometry
Saturated calomel electrode
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Polarographic and voltammetric behavior of 1,5-dinitronaphthalene was investigated using tast polarography and differential pulse polarography at a classic dropping mercury electrode and differential pulse voltammetry and adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Optimum conditions have been found for the determination of tested substance in the concentration range 2-10 μmol l -1 in tast polarography, 0.2-1 μmol l -1 in differential pulse polarography at a classic dropping mercury electrode or differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode, and 0.02-0.1 μmol l -1 using adsorptive stripping voltammetry. A possible mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of 1,5-dinitronaphthalene at mercury electrodes is discussed.
Polarography
Mercury
Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
Differential pulse voltammetry
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
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Abstract The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour of N,N-dimethyl-4-amino-2′-carboxyazobenzene was investigated and optimum conditions have been found for its determination by tast polarography in the concentration range of 2-100 μmol 1−1, differential pulse polarography at a dropping mercury electrode in the concentration range of 0.2-100 μmol 1−1, differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode in the concentration range of 0.02-10 μmol 1−1 and adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the concentration range of 0.2-100 nmol 1−1.
Polarography
Mercury
Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
Peak current
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Citations (7)
The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour was examined for the title compound, which is the basic component in many commercial optical whitening agents. Dimethylformamide containing 5 vol.% water was chosen as the solvent and tetraethylammonium bromide as the supporting electrolyte. The optimum conditions were found for determining the substance by tast polarography, differential pulse polarography, linear sweep voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode, and differential pulse voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode. The analyte concentration regions for the four techniques were 0.1 - 0.5, 0.01 - 0.5, 0.01 - 0.5 and 0.01 - 0.1 mmol l -1 , respectively. Practical applicability of the methods to the determination of the title compound in technical products was verified.
Polarography
Supporting electrolyte
Dimethyl formamide
Tetraethylammonium
Mercury
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Citations (1)