Through the looking-glass: PsycINFO as an historical archive of trends in psychology.
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Those interested in tracking trends in the history of psychology cannot simply trust the numbers produced by inputting terms into search engines like PsycINFO and then constraining by date.This essay is therefore a critical engagement with that longstanding interest to show what it is possible to do, over what period, and why.It concludes that certain projects simply cannot be undertaken without further investment by the American Psychological Association.This is because forgotten changes in the assumptions informing the database make its index terms untrustworthy for use in trendtracking before 1967.But they can indeed be used, with care, to track more recent trends.The result is then a Distant Reading of psychology, with Digital History presented as enabling a kind of Science Studies that psychologists will find appealing.The present state of the discipline can thus be caricatured as the contemporary scientific study of depressed rats and the drugs used to treat them (as well as of human brains, mice, and myriad other topics).To extend the investigation back further in time, however, the 1967 boundary is also investigated.The author then delves more deeply into the prehistory of the database's creation, and shows in a précis of a further project that the origins of PsycINFO can be traced to interests related to American national security during the Cold War.In short: PsycINFO cannot be treated as a simple bibliographic description of the discipline.It is embedded in its history, and reflects it.Keywords:
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In this News and Notes column, information about eligibility and how to apply for The David B. Baker Fellowship in the History of Psychology--which supports student research at the Archives of the History of American Psychology--is provided; recent publications and presentations are noted; and P. Croce, Stetson University, briefly describes their visit to Greece and shares a photo of Cheiron, an ancient Greek god. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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This study sought to compare the sensitivity and precision of Embase, Medline and PsycINFO bibliographic database searches for randomized controlled trials of cognitive therapy for depression. Searches in each database combined with a hand search in five selected journals formed the total pool against which each search was assessed. Sensitivities of standard searches (index terms only) were 68%, 84% and 38% in Embase, Medline and PsycINFO respectively. Sensitivities of expert searches (index and free text terms) were 76%, 97% and 65% for Embase, Medline and PsycINFO respectively. Medline appears to be the most efficient at identifying articles describing psychological treatment evaluation.
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This article reviews the news and notes for the Society for the History of Psychology. The editor adds this will be their last issue writing for the News & Notes section. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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This article deals with the initial applications of psychological tests in Brazil during the 1920s and 1930s, and it is focused on their use in education under the influence of the New School and the Mental Hygiene movements. Thus, the objective is to highlight the implication of psychology as a "social science" (Rose, 1996), a support to the legitimacy of racial theories in force during that period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
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Most of the psychology programs in Brazil have mandatory courses on the history and foundations of psychology, whatever names such courses may receive. In any case, Brazilian psychology students are supposed to acquire knowledge about the historical development of psychological theories and psychology as a science and profession, which would allow them to adopt a critical perspective toward their own theoretical and practical choices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Article presents a list of recently announced books. Titles include: Readings from William Stern's contributions to scientific psychology; Problematic research practices and inertia in scientific psychology: History sources and recommended solutions; Tracing the emergence of psychology; and A people's history of psychoanalysis: From Freud to liberation psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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This essay contributes to the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Society for the History of Psychology (SHP) in its earlier form (Division 26 of the American Psychological Association). Ronald Mayer's history of the division is updated by providing a description of some of the noteworthy events and changes in the organization since his publication. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Bibliographic databases such as Medline and PsycINFO are major sources of initial information for systematic reviews. This study investigates the adequacy of Medline and PsycINFO in retrieving articles describing outcome studies of group-based psychological treatments.Ten journals publishing a high number of group psychotherapy articles were hand searched for the publication years 1993 and 1994. They were then searched using narrow and broad strategies developed for each database.The sensitivities (number of relevant articles identified by each search divided by the total number of known relevant articles identified by all searches) of narrow and broad Medline searches were 28% and 67% respectively. Precision (the number of relevant articles identified by a search divided by the number of both relevant and irrelevant articles identified by the search) was 91% and 35% for narrow and broad searches respectively. The sensitivities of narrow and broad PsycINFO searches were 8% and 47% respectively. Precision was 30% for the narrow search and 36% for the broad search. The hand search identified 94% of all known articles.PsycINFO performed more poorly than Medline. Although it was possible to identify 67% of outcome studies using Medline, the low precision of the necessary search strategies would make it uneconomical in practice. Abstracts of papers not identified by either search strategy were examined for possible reasons for this failure. For Medline this was generally due to the terms used to identify group psychotherapy. For PsycINFO it appears that the indexing system does not allow the easy identification of outcome studies.
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The Brazilian Society for the History of Psychology (SBHP) was founded in 2013 to promote the History of Psychology in the country. The goal of our joint meeting is to discuss how the history of psychology can help foster critical understandings of some basic problems on the definition of psychology, its projects as a science and some issues related to the delimitation of its subject matter and methods. (PsycINFO Database Record
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