Effect of Manganese on Wear Behavior of Al-Si-Mn Alloy
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The ever increasing demand from aerospace industries and automotive industries to manufacture components which are lighter and stronger than conventional steel has prompted the significant usage of aluminium alloys. This research work involves the investigation of mechanical properties in aluminium alloys before and after cold work forged. Major alloying elements used in the aluminium alloy are manganese and silicon. The aluminium alloy ingots are prepared through gravity casting. After the ingots are air cooled to room temperature, they are work hardened using cold forging method. The cold forged aluminium alloys are then subjected to tensile tests, wear tests, hardness tests and microstructure analysis using optical Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The material properties achieved are compared with the alloys properties that have not been subjected to work hardening. The expected outcome is to achieve a work hardened aluminium alloy that exhibits excellent wear resistance property which can be best suited for numerous industrial manufacturing requirements. It is observed that broken Mn after forging has shown better wear resistance property having toughness property.Keywords:
6063 aluminium alloy
Work hardening
Die casting
Tensile testing
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With the increasing in demand of lightweight materials in many of the emerging industrial applications, the trends in materials deals with alloying of aluminium with other elements are necessary to provide the higher strengths, hardness needed for industrial applications. In this context aluminium alloy – silicon carbide – boron carbide composites find wide application in inner plates of ballistic vests, high pressure water jet cutter nozzle and also as Neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. Along with these applications they also possess good wear resistance, high specific strength, good thermal stability and high modulus of elasticity. In the current study,simple composites and hybrid composite were fabricated by two step stir casting technique with different weight fraction of reinforcements. The precipitation hardening treatment and cold deformation assisted age hardening known as low temperature thermomechanical treatment (LTMT)are carried out. Peak hardness of the specimen at these aging temperatures is determined. With the increase in the aging temperature, the time to reach peak hardness value decreased whereas the hardness value is also decreases.
Precipitation hardening
Hardening (computing)
Boron carbide
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From post twentieth century use of aluminum alloys increases drastically in
automobile and aerospace industries. The demands for lightweight automotive parts
are soaring tremendously in the quest for energy efficiency. The aluminum alloy takes
the advantage of strength to weight ratio and corrosion properties over other structural
element such as steel and its alloys. The altered mechanical properties are achieved in
aluminum alloy by using different strengthening techniques such as age hardening etc.
The favorable mechanical properties are explained by revealing the microstructure of
corresponding alloy and intermediate phase compounds during formation of
corresponding alloy. Hence study of hardness and strength of aluminum 6082 alloy is
essential. In this paper, the study of analysis of hardness of aluminum alloy 6082 at
different thickness levels is done. The hardness of aluminum alloy 6082 is measured
by Brinell hardness scale.
Brinell scale
6063 aluminium alloy
Alonizing
Hardening (computing)
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The present paper introduces the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloy made by recycled materials, in which the impurity levels of iron are mainly concerned. It is found that the increased Fe content reduces the ductility and yield strength but slightly increases the UTS of the diecast alloy. The tolerable Fe content is 0.45wt.%, at which the recycled alloys are still able to produce castings with the mechanical properties of yield strength over 140MPa, UTS over 280MPa and elongation over 15%.The Fe content is steadily accumulated in the alloy with the increase of recycle times. However, after 13 cycles, the recycled alloys are still able to produce ductile alloys with satisfied mechanical properties.
Ductility (Earth science)
Elongation
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In the introduction, the authors considered the main factors influencing the wear resistance of high-manganese steel and reviewed the domestic and foreign papers devoted to this problem. A conclusion was made on the basis of these materials and the research goal was set which is quite urgent for the enterprises producing and using parts made of Hadfield steel. Further, materials and research methods were considered. There is description of the materials used for processing of liquid steel, the technology of production of experimental samples from high-manganese steel, chemical composition of the alloy used as the basic one, methods and equipment used for calculation of cooling rate of the melt in the casting mold and for the investigation of wear resistance in terms of abrasive and impact-abrasive wear, equipment for hardening and thermal study. The third part of the paper contains the results of investigation of Hadfield steel alloyed with nitride ferroalloys and with complex addition alloy. The graphs show the dependence of abrasive and impact-abrasive wear resistance coefficients on different alloying schemes of the investigated steel with the selected materials. Besides, one can see how the used alloying elements influence the wear resistance of high-manganese steel under different wear conditions. The concentrations of alloying elements have been found, which provide the maximum value of abrasive and impact-abrasive wear resistance coefficient. The results of the thermal study are also given. The processes were investigated, which develop when castings from Hadfield steel are heated for hardening. The research work made it possible to define temperature ranges for such processes as separation of excess phases, dissolution of alloyed cementite in austenite, complete dissolution of phosphide eutectic and carbides of the alloying elements. Temperature ranges of the steel oxidation and decarburization processes were defined. The final part of the paper contains the conclusions of the investigation work and some recommendations aimed at improving the wear resistance of castings made of high-manganese steel for different operating conditions as well as recommendations on the temperatures of thermal treatment for these products.
Ferroalloy
Hardening (computing)
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For last several decades aluminium and aluminium alloys are widely used in automotive industries because for their favourable properties like low density (about 2700 Kg/m 3 ), good malleability, high formability, high corrosion resistance and high electrical and thermal conductivity. High machinability and workability of aluminium alloys are prone to porosity due to gases dissolved during melting processes. However, in the engineering application pure aluminium and its alloys still have some problems such as relatively low strength, unstable mechanical properties and low wear resistance. The microstructure can be modified and mechanical properties, wear resistance can be improved by alloying, cold working and heat treatment. In this regards, the present paper reports the influences of enhancement of magnesium contents on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of LM 6 aluminum alloy. Index Terms: LM 6 Aluminum alloy, wear rate 1. Introduction: Aluminium and aluminium alloy are gaining huge industrial significance because of their outstanding combination of mechanical, physical and tribological properties over the base alloys. These properties include high specific strength, high wear and seizure resistance, high stiffness, better elevated temperature strength, controlled thermal expansion coefficient and improved damping capacity (1). These properties obtained through addition of alloying elements, cold working and heat treatment. Alloying elements are selected based on their effects and suitability. For the purpose of understanding their effects and importance, alloying elements for majority of alloys are best classified as major and minor elements, microstructure modifiers or impurities, however the impurity elements in some alloys might be major elements in others (2). LM6 is one of the most important Aluminium alloy falls under Aluminium - Silicon alloying system in which aluminium is the predominant metal and high levels of silicon (4% to 13%) are added that contributes to give good casting characteristics and increases fluidity, by which we can produce castings of thick as well as thin sections according to the required design. Other typical alloying elements are Copper, Magnesium, Manganese, Silicon, Zinc, Iron, Nickel, Lead and Tin.
Specific strength
6063 aluminium alloy
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Food packaging, structural components in the aerospace industry, and other uses for aluminized aluminium alloys are just a few of the many uses for this abundant metal. Because of its low weight, moderate strength, and high corrosion resistance, aluminium and its alloys have found widespread use in a wide range of industries. Aluminum alloys of the 7xxx series have superior mechanical qualities when compared to other aluminium alloy series. The alloy AA7075 is utilised in the structure of aircraft wings. When fusion welding is used to combine certain alloys, they are more prone to solidification or hot cracking. The alloying components present contribute to these alloys' high crack sensitivity. Thus, a rigorous analysis has been undertaken in this project effort to determine how to reduce the susceptibility of the alloy 7075 to hot cracking by adjusting the composition without affecting the mechanical qualities. A thorough background study has been conducted on the effect of hot cracking on the aluminium alloy AA7075, and a methodology for overcoming this welding defect has been developed. This methodology includes altering the composition of the major alloying elements in AA7075 and stabilising the composition for the development of a new alloy. Experiments were conducted and alloys were cast with a predetermined composition. The samples were subjected to a hot cracking test, and the sample with the best result had its mechanical properties determined. The test results were compared to those obtained with AA7075 and discussed in this paper.
6063 aluminium alloy
Fusion welding
Alonizing
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Friction welding is a solid state joining process and is widely being considered for aluminum alloys. 7075 is an aluminum alloy, with zinc as the primary alloying element. Due to its strength, high density, thermal properties, High strength precipitation hardening, 7075 aluminum alloys are extensively used in aerospace industry. It has good fatigue strength and average mach inability, but has less resistance to corrosion than many other Al alloys. These alloys are difficult to join by conventional fusion welding techniques. This paper aims at exploring the possibility of welding this alloy using friction welding. Tensile Strength, Hardness values, Flash parameters with respect to upset pressure and Microstructure of the 7075 were studied.
Weldability
Friction Welding
Fusion welding
Alonizing
6063 aluminium alloy
Upset
Plastic welding
Precipitation hardening
Friction Stir Welding
Hardening (computing)
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The influence of titanium amount and pouring temperature on the structure and properties of lean-alloyed alloy was explored. It was determined that lean titanium-alloyed aluminum alloys have better mechanical and electrical properties, which is explained by formation of heat-resistant dispersoids in solid solution. It was found that an increase in the amount of titanium by more than 0.5–0.6 % has a negative influence on electrical properties of the aluminium-based alloy. It was revealed that formation of four types of phases in complex-alloyed Fe and Si alloys contribute to preservation of tensile strength.The results of comparative studies of ingots and wires from experimental and mass-produced alloys were given. Results of experimental research on determining the modes and parameters of deformation and thermal treatment and their influence on mechanical and electrical properties of aluminum alloys were presented. They made it possible to develop the technology of production of lean titanium-alloyed aluminium-based alloy and rolling electrical products from it. During its implementation it was found that aluminum ingots, cold-treated sheets and wires, retain the necessary strength and minimal specific electrical resistance at high enough temperatures. A positive effect of cold deformation and intermediate annealing on formation of the rational structure and a good combination of electrical and mechanical properties of the products was revealed
Titanium alloy
Alonizing
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Piston (optics)
Structural material
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Recently the demand for aluminium alloys with a view to lightening the weight of various machine parts has been increasing in the field of the automobile and other industries. However, there are few data obtainable conerning the wear characteristics of aluminium alloys. So how some of the typical casting aluminium alloys, e.g., Lautal, Low-Ex., Y-alloy and hyper-eutectic Aluminium-Silicon alloy wear out against the same alloys and carbon steel respectively, is examined under unlubricated condition. The results are summerized as follows.1. In discussing the wear resistance of materials, it is to be noted that wear varies with the combination of materials to be pitted against such other.2. In the case of alloys against the same kind of alloys, the wear resistance of aluminium alloys is sometimes firmer than that of the carbon steel at relatively low speed of sliding, but as the sliding speed is increased, Lautal, Low-Ex. and Y-alloy may generate a partial welding phenomenon (scuffing) on the frictional surface. This is particularly remarkable in Lautal and Low-Ex. because the melting point of aluminium alloys is relatively low. However, it is of interest that so far as this experiment goes scuffing does not occur in hyper-eutectic Aluminium-Silicon alloy, and the wear loss of this alloy is far smaller than those of other aluminium alloys.3. In the case of aluminium alloys against carbon steel the wear loss is very small irrespective of the sliding speed and the contact pressure. In this experiment, those combinations reveal mild wear and the surface roughness is very little.
6063 aluminium alloy
Alonizing
Die casting
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