Effectiveness of diagnosis for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis carried out at the Center of Zoonosis Control of Camaçari, Brazil
Marcelo BordoniSamira Leal MerellesLuciana Silva SantosM. V. A UzêdaLiliane Celestino Sales SantosBruna Martins Macedo LeiteJosé Carlos Oliveira GuedesG. C PereiraA. A ResendeS. PassosWashington L. C. dos‐SantosPatrícia Sampaio Tavares VerasDeborah Bittencourt Mothé FragaBa Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Camaçari
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Visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic disease of visceral manifestation caused by a protozoan of the Leishmania genus belonging to the Trypanosomatidae Family. The causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil is Leishmania chagasi , a mandatory intracellular parasite. The current study aimed at a quantitative retrospective approach on human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, according to data from a Ministry of Health platform, SINAN, reporting on the number of cases in the Brazilian states in January 2003 To December 2013. In the period established, Brazil had 36,658 cases, an average of 3,675 cases per year. The most endemic region is the Northeast, with 21,049 (47.14%) of the total confirmed cases in the Brazilian territory, followed by the Southeast (21.58%), North (20.35%) and Central West and South with 10%, 81% and 0.12% respectively.
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Christian ministry
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In Brazil, American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused byLeishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and its main vector isLutzomyia longipalpis. Cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in non-endemic areas have been reported over the last few years throughout the country. The objective of this research note is to describe an autochthonous case of CVL that occurred in the municipality of Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro, an area where the disease is not endemic, alerting veterinarians and the scientific community to the expansion of this important zoonosis and advising veterinary practitioners on how to deal with a suspicion of CVL. Canine visceral leishmaniasis can be misdiagnosed within a broad spectrum of canine diseases based on clinical and laboratory findings. Therefore, knowledge of its clinical manifestations, specific and sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests and parasitological procedures are of the utmost importance for rapid confirmation and notification of a case, thus contributing directly to the control of a focus.
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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by a protozoon belonging to the genus Leishmania, and it is transmitted through the bite of sand flies. Endemic regions have widened, and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) occurs mainly in the Mediterranean region and South America. There is no consensus on the risk factors associated with CVL, as results differ between the studied regions and countries. This chapter describes the main aspects of epidemiology, immunology, clinical signs, diagnosis treatment, and control of canine visceral leishmaniasis with emphasis on Brazil.
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Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum in Latin America. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis in Brazil includes two serological tests according to the Ministry of Health (MH) protocol. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests, as well as clinical signs of VL, are usually reported in disease-endemic areas; however, it is known that local epidemiological factors can influence these results. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features, sensitivity, and specificity of TR-DPP® and EIE-LVC in naturally infected dogs in a region of sporadic VL transmission to humans in Brazil. A total of 288 dogs were clinically evaluated and serological and parasitological (lymph node aspirates) samples were collected for VL diagnosis. TR-DPP and EIE-LVC showed poor sensitivity (0.62 and 0.44, respectively) to detect infected animals, compared with the direct parasitological examination, which is considered a gold standard method. Thus, the protocol of MH presented low sensitivity (0.42) to estimate prevalence and control measures in this region. TR-DPP presented a high negative predictive value (0.89), resulting in its indication as a confirmatory test in sporadic transmission areas. Classical clinical signs of VL were not frequently observed; therefore, clinical scoring systems might not be useful in this region. Veterinarians of nonendemic areas should be alert for asymptomatic dogs, especially those presenting lymph adenomegaly.
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Leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose de importância em Saúde Pública, onde os cães representam um dos maiores problemas. Este trabalho visa relatar o primeiro caso autóctone da leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Maricá, fornecendo elementos relacionados à distribuição geográfica de Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
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Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. In Brazil, this illness is caused by Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease across Brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in June 2013, in the city of Pedregulho, State of São Paulo, considered to be a non-endemic area and free of phlebotomine sand flies. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs of the patients and additional tests (serological and parasitological). It was concluded that the diagnosis of leishmaniasis is complex because the clinical signs are similar to other systemic diseases, thus justifying the importance of parasitological test of bone marrow, considered "gold standard", in the confirmation of the disease. In addition, the area was not, until now, considered risk place, despite notification.
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Leishmania chagasi
Parasitic Disease
Gold standard (test)
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