High incidence of mixed DNA and RNA virus infections in common bean in Central Brazil.
Bruna Pinheiro de LimaD. M. T. Alves-FreitasMárcio Tadeu GodinhoJosías C. FariaCristiano LacorteSimone G. Ribeiro
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Abstract:
During the winter crop season in 2016 a very high incidence of viruslike symptoms of mosaic, leaf curling and deformation, and plant dwarfing was reported by farmers in central areas of Brazil. Bean plants were collected in commercial farms in Luziânia, Cristalina and experimental plots in Goiânia and Brasilia.Keywords:
Dwarfing
Growing season
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytosanitary aspect of two accessions of maize (Zea mays) seeds from the United States introduced to Brazil, regarding the presence of Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV). Two to three weeks after sowing, symptomatic leaves were tested by Elisa using specific antiserum to WMoV. The reaction was positive, and leaf samples were analyzed by real-time PCR and amplified PCR products were sequenced. The WMoV isolates had 99 to 100% nucleotide identity with isolates from Australia and the United States. Until now, there is no report of the presence of this virus in Brazil. According to the federal law on plant protection, the plants were burned to avoid the introduction of this exotic pest in the country. The obtained results show WMoV interception in Brazil.
Phytosanitary certification
Interception
Mosaic virus
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The prevalence of soybean fields with plants infected with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in Iowa is assumed to be random, because the primary source of the virus is SMV-infected seed. Data collected from 2,500 soybean fields sampled over a 3-year period as part of the Iowa Soybean Disease Survey (2005 to 2007) were used to evaluate this assumption. SMV was first detected in early June of each year but counties in which it was first detected varied among years. Prevalence at the county scale at end of season was 32.3, 27.3, and 89.9% in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. End-of-season incidence of SMV within SMV-positive counties was 1.5 to 25.0, 1.7 to 24, and 1.8 to 58% in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. The number of fields in which plants infected with SMV were detected increased at the linear rate of approximately one new field every 2 days in 2007, compared with one new field every 22 days (2005) and 21 days (2006), with coefficients of determination (R2) of 93.2 to 96.8% using the linear model. Weak spatial dependence for end-of-season SMV incidence was detected using Moran's Index, indicating that the risk for SMV incidence at the county scale within Iowa at the end of the growing season is not random.
Soybean mosaic virus
Growing season
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Citrullus lanatus
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Mosaic
Mosaic virus
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Mottle
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Mosaic virus
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Mosaic
Mosaic virus
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the epidemics of golden mosaic under field conditions during two seasons in 2007 and 2008.
Mosaic
Mosaic virus
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The disease known as bean rugose mosaic, also known as ?mosaico-em-desenho? caused by Bean rugose mosaic virus (BRMV), has been recently observed in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fields at EMBRAPA Rice and Beans, located in Santo Antonio de Goias, Goias State, Brazil. The importance of this disease increases especially in conditions that enable infection of young plants, when there is the presence of other viruses and under sequential cultivation of susceptible common bean varieties.
Germ plasm
Mosaic virus
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Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV; Family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) infects legume crops in many regions of the world. It is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by aphids and is also readily seed-transmitted (3). Sweet bean (Lablab purpureus L.) is an important legume crop widely cultivated in Nepal. In December 2010, sweet bean plants with mottle and leaf deformation, severe mosaic, necrosis, malformation of leaves and pods, downward curling of leaves, and reduction in leaf size were observed in 20 different fields with 60 to 70% incidence in Nepal. ELISA was performed by using a universal Potyvirus antiserum test kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) on 18 symptomatic leaf samples collected from five different locations (Malepatan, Lake side Fewataal, Darai village, Pakaudi, and Rampur) of Pokhara and Chitwan provinces and 15 out of 18 samples had a positive reaction. Filamentous shaped particles similar to Potyvirus of about 690 to 720 × 10 to 12 nm were observed by electron microscopy confirming the ELISA results. To further characterize the viral isolate(s), primary leaves of some legume crops (Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna unguiculata, and Arachis hypogeae) and sweet bean were mechanically inoculated with sap prepared from the same leaves used for ELISA. Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Aron and G. max cv. Togenkyou plants showed necrotic spots on inoculated leaves followed by systemic necrosis and death. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus and V. unguiculata showed systemic mosaic symptoms, while A. hypogeae and sweet bean cv. Shirobhanafuji-mame showed necrotic spots and restricted veinal necrosis. Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa also showed chlorotic local lesions on inoculated leaves. For molecular identification, total RNA was isolated from 18 symptomatic plants using Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out using universal primer pairs that amplify the NIb-coat protein (CP) region including the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of Potyvirus as described previously (1). An amplicon of approximately 1.7 kb was amplified and cloned using the pGEM-T Easy vector system (Promega, Fitchburg, WI). Two clones (GenBank Accession Nos. AB734777 and AB735585) with 99.9% sequence identity were selected for further analysis. These clones shared a maximum of 94% amino acid identity and 90% nucleotide identity in the CP region, and 93% nucleotide homology in the 3'-UTR with the 'TN1' (GenBank Accession No. U37076) strain of BCMNV isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris (2). These comparisons indicated that the viral isolates belong to the BCMNV species and are the causal agent of mosaic and necrosis observed on the sweet bean plants in Nepal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BCMNV in Nepal and also the first report of BCMNV from sweet bean. References: (1) P. H. Berger et al. Arch. Virol. 142:1979, 1997. (2) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (3) Z. Hongying et al. Arch. Virol. 147:1257, 2002.
Lablab purpureus
Chenopodium quinoa
Mottle
Potyviridae
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