Defect chemistry and dielectric behavior of Sr0.99Ce0.01Ti1−xO3 ceramics with high permittivity
Xingxing ZhouMinghe CaoZhijian WangY. Khageswara RaoQu LuoBo YangHua HaoZhonghua YaoZhiyong YuHanxing Liu
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Dielectric loss
The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical properties of (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9, (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) sintered pellets synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The emergence of orthorhombic phase fit into space group Pnmm was revealed by XRD, and the addition of Ca resulted in a considerable shift in grain size. Dielectric properties were determined using an impedance spectroscopy in a wide frequency range from 1MHz to 3 GHz. The dielectric properties i.e., dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tanσ), were measured at 3 GHz frequency. The frequency-dependent parameters such as conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss indicated that the relaxation process is a Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The improved dielectric properties and low energy loss have made (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9 a prominent energy storage material. This study provides the possibility to improve its dielectric properties and reduce energy loss, making it an excellent energy storage material.
Dielectric loss
Orthorhombic crystal system
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Undoped ZnO and ZnO:Er thin films were deposited on p-type Si substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolisis (USP). Undoped and ZnO:Er thin films have been analyzed by using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the XPS spectrum has two Er peak at ∼157 eV and ∼168 eV. The XPS Zn 2p spectrum of undoped ZnO and ZnO:Er thin films have binding energy for Zn 2p3/2 (~ 1021 eV) and Zn 2p1/2 (~1045eV) were found no shift in binding energy after the incorporation of Er. Meanwhile, after Er incorporates into ZnO, the O 1s spectrum is composed two peak of binding energy (BE) at ~530.5eV and the shoulder about 532.5 eV.Keywords: ZnO thin films, ZnO:Er, XPS, binding energy
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XPS（X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: X 線光電子分光法） は AES（Auger Electron Spectroscopy:オージェ電 子分光法） や TOF-SIMS（Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry:飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法） とならぶ代表的な表面分析手法の一つである ． XPS を用いることにより物質表面の組成分析， さらには化学 結合状態の分析を行うことができる ． XPS はその取扱いの簡単さ ， データベースの豊富さ ， 実用的には帯電 補正が容易， などといったことから， 表面分析手法の中では最も幅広く用いられている手法である ． ここでは， XPS の基本原理， 装置の構成， スペクトルの測定と解析における基本的な留意点， および応用例について述 べる ．
Auger electron spectroscopy
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The feasibility of utilizing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) to analyze room‐temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs ) was investigated in this study. Conventionally, the chemical structure of organic compounds is identified by nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy. The properties of RTILs , especially their low vapor pressure, make it possible to analyze RTILs by using XPS . The usefulness of XPS on RTILs was confirmed by commercial RTILs . All atoms in RTILs were detected in survey XPS spectra, and the calculated atomic percentages matched well with theoretical values. After the verification of commercial RTILs by XPS , we synthesized three RTILs and investigated them with XPS . The atomic ratio and chemical environment of carbon in RTILs were verified by XPS . By adapting XPS to the investigation of RTILs , carbon atoms in different chemical environments were distinguishable by the binding energy shift, and the atomic ratio of the constituent atoms was identifiable after peak deconvolution. In addition, inorganic constituents were detected by XPS unlike in the case of NMR spectroscopy.
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Millimeter (mm)-wave technology has great potential in applications of material, chemical, communication and life sciences. The development of high permittivity and low loss mm-wave devices has been promoted in recent years to boost the technologies. Here, the 0.95MgTiO 3 -0.05CaTiO 3 and TiO 2 ceramic systems have been investigated. The influence of sintering process, microstructure has been discussed to optimize the THz performance. The 0.95MgTiO 3 -0.05CaTiO 3 ceramics can possess permittivity of 18 and ultra-low loss of 1.9 × 10 -3 ; the TiO 2 ceramics show high permittivity of 102 and ultra-low loss of 4.2×10 -3 .
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