Timing Jitter of the Dual-Comb Mode-Locked Laser: A Quantum Origin and the Ultimate Effect on High-Speed Time- and Frequency-Domain Metrology
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We study on the timing jitter characteristics of a passively mode-locked dual-wavelength dual-comb Er-fiber laser that generates two femtosecond optical frequency combs with an offset repetition rate in a shared cavity. The relative timing jitter is characterized directly in the time domain with tens of attoseconds precision by utilizing the intrinsic asynchronous optical sampling process between the two laser beams. This sensitive measurement reveals an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise dominated random walk of the relative pulse timing, which has not been observed before in a dual-comb laser. The quantum-limited relative timing jitter behavior shows that the common-mode noise suppression based on a shared cavity does not apply to quantum noise. We further conduct a time-of-flight ranging experiment and a Fourier-transform spectroscopy simulation based on this dual-comb laser, showing that the quantum-limited relative timing jitter sets an ultimate limit on the reachable performance in time- and frequency-domain dual-comb applications particularly when the high acquisition rate is desired.Keywords:
Mode-Locking
We present a kind of harmonic mode locking of bound-state solitons in a fiber laser based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) saturable absorber (SA). The mode locker is fabricated by depositing MoS(2) nanosheets on a D-shaped fiber (DF). In the fiber laser, two solitons form the bound-state pulses with a temporal separation of 3.4 ps, and the bound-state pulses are equally distributed at a repetition rate of 125 MHz, corresponding to 14th harmonics of fundamental cavity repetition rate (8.968 MHz). Single- and multiple-pulses emissions are also observed by changing the pump power and optimizing the DF based MoS(2) SA. Our experiment demonstrates an interesting operation regime of mode-locked fiber laser, and shows that DF based MoS(2) SA can work as a promising high-power mode locker in ultrafast lasers.
Saturable absorption
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The ability of a frequency comb from a femtosecond mode-locked laser to faithfully reproduce the properties of optical oscillators at microwave frequencies is examined. The fractional frequency instability of the femtosecond comb microwave synthesizer is 2/spl times/10/sup -14///spl tau/, and could improve by at least a factor of 10 upon elimination of excess photodetection noise. Phase-noise levels are also examined. The femtosecond comb frequency synthesizer is compared to other high-performance microwave oscillators and synthesizers and is found to be among the best available. With the realization of predicted improvements in phase-noise and stability for the femtosecond combs and optical frequency standards, the femtosecond comb could eventually synthesize the highest quality microwaves.
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This paper first briefly describes the components and sources of phase noise and timing jitter in crystal oscillators. The relationship between the phase-noise spectrum and the timing jitter is then analyzed. A simple equation to convert the phase-noise spectrum to the timing jitter is presented. Finally, a diagrammatic solution resulting from integrating the phase noise of 60MHz OCXO is put up so that the phase jitter is simply estimated without measuring phase jitter itself. The experiment demonstrates the good agreement between estimated values and measured results.
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The pulse evolution in Bi-doped soliton fiber laser with slow and fast saturable absorber has been studied both experimentally and numerically. Semiconductor saturable absorbers with balanced slow and fast absorption recovery mechanisms exhibit a bi-temporal recovery dynamics which permits both reliable start-up of passive mode-locking and short pulse generation and stabilization. The pulse dynamics within the Bi fiber laser cavity have been investigated.
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Mode-Locking
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Mode-Locking
Erbium
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Q-switching
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We propose an approach to achieving a carrier-envelope phase-locked frequency comb with 25-GHz mode spacing at 1.5 μm. We demonstrate octave-spanning supercontinuum generation with the widest mode spacing ever achieved using a CW laser diode.
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We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a thulium-doped, all-fiber, mode-locked laser using a carbon nanotube saturable absorber, operating in the dissipative-soliton regime and the stretched-pulse-soliton regime. The net dispersion of the laser cavity is adjusted by inserting different lengths of normal dispersion fiber, resulting in different mode-locking regimes. These results could serve as a foundation for the optimization of mode-locked fiber-laser cavity design at the 2 μm wavelength region.
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Mode-Locking
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We demonstrate a passive harmonic mode-locked femtosecond Yb-doped fiber laser employing a semiconductor saturable absorber in a colliding-pulse configuration. 380-fs pulses at 605 MHz repetition rate with >55 dB supermode suppression is achieved.
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Mode-Locking
Ytterbium
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We demonstrate a novel in-line saturable absorber based on hollow optical fiber (HOF) filled with graphene composite for high power operation of mode-locked fiber laser. Evanescent field of guided mode propagating in few centimeter-long HOF interacts with the graphene/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) composite, which enables robust and efficient nonlinear absorption leading to stable passive mode-locking. The mode-locked fiber laser generates soliton pulses with 5.9-nm spectral bandwidth and its maximum output power is measured up to 80 mW. We also observe passive harmonic mode-locking of soliton laser delivering stable pulses with a repetition rate of 506.9 MHz at 33rd harmonics.
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Mode-Locking
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Passively mode-locked fiber lasers [1-6] are a unique source of solitons for telecommunications. Ultra-short pulse generation in laser systems is based on a variety of schemes including figure of eight fiber laser design [1], fast saturable absorber [3], coupled cavity [5], additive pulse mode-locking [6] and nonlinear polarization rotation [7,8]. The use of a semiconductor mirror-saturable absorber has been suggested for a passively mode-locked soliton laser [9] and its experimental verification has been reported in [10].
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