Study of W-Co ODS coating on stainless steels by mechanical alloying
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Bone possesses excellent mechanical properties, which are closely related to its favorable microstructures optimized by nature through millions of years. In this work, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructures of a shankbone. It showed that the bone is a kind of bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen protein matrix. The hydroxyapatite layers are further composed of long and thin hydroxyapatite sheets. The hydroxyapatite sheets in different hydroxyapatite layers distribute along different orientations, which composes a kind of intersectant microstructure. The maximum pullout force of the intersectant microstructure was investigated and compared with that of 0° microstructure with their representative models. The result indicated that the maximum pullout force of the intersectant microstructure is markedly larger than that of the 0° microstructure, which was experimentally verified.
Bioceramic
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This report contains the feasibility and cost data for the production of tungsten-rhenium alloys from tungsten targets in the N-Reactor. The two types of target elements assumed were: (a) tungsten containing 90 a/o tungsten-186, 9 a/o tungsten-184 and 1 a/o tungsten-183 and 182, and (b) tungsten of natural isotopic composition.
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In order to make clear the formation process, the property and the effect on tensile property of abnormal microstructure formed in hot rolled plates and sheets of α+β titanium alloys, experiment was carried out on Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe, Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-8Mn alloys. Hot rolling was carried out under various conditions so as to investigate the formation process of the abnormal microstructure observed by optical microscopy, and hardness of that microstructure formed was measured by the microhardness tester.Concentration of alloying elements at the abnormal microstructure was also measured by means of electron probe microanalyzer. Tensile test was carried out on hot rolled plates and sheets with and without the abnormal microstructure to obtain the effect of the said microstructure. The results are summarized as follows:(1) The abnormal microstructure in hot rolled plates and sheets is formed, with an elongated shape, by rolling from the abnormal microstructure already existing in slab.(2) Formation of the abnormal microstructure depends on hot rolling temperature; that is, the temperature around and over β transus makes severe one.(3) The abnormal microstructure has high hardness and contains more β stabilizing elements compared to its surroundings.(4) On plates and sheets with the abnormal microstructure, the elongation, especially in the tensile property, decreases singnificantly and also severe anisotropy is detected.
Elongation
Titanium alloy
Tensile testing
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Based on analysis of the surface layer microstructure of samples obtained from a plate die casting, three characteristics of surface layer microstructure including thick and fine chilled microstructure, a small amount of chilled microstructure and no chilled microstructure, were observed. The formation reasons of microstructures with three different characteristics were discussed by simulating filling and solidification process for the plate die casting. The results indicate that the mode of collision between filling liquid and die surface as well as the solidification sequence have important effects on the formation of surface layer microstructure.
Surface layer
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TRACER
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Ingot
Dendrite (mathematics)
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A micro-structuring of the tungsten plasma-facing surface can strongly reduce near surface thermal stresses induced by ELM heat fluxes. This approach has been confirmed by numerical simulations with the help of ANSYS software. For experimental tests, two 10 × 10 mm2 samples of micro-structured tungsten were manufactured. These consisted of 2000 and 5000 vertically packed tungsten fibres with dimensions of Ø240 µm × 2.4 mm and Ø150 µm × 2.4 mm, respectively. The 1.2 mm bottom parts of the fibres are embedded in a copper matrix. The top parts of the fibres have gaps about of 10 µm so they are not touching each others. The top of all tungsten fibres was electro-polished. A Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration 1 ms and a pulse repetition frequency of 25 Hz was used to simulate up to 105 ELM-like heat pulses. No damage on either of the micro-structured tungsten samples were observed. Neon plasma erosion rate and fuel retention of the micro-structured tungsten samples were almost identical to bulk tungsten samples.
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The effects of three rolling temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of IMI550 alloy 22 mm bars were studied. Experimental raw material having the same amount of rolling deformation,but rolling temperatures were Tβ- 60℃,Tβ- 25 ℃ and Tβ+ 15 ℃. The results showed that the microstructure of IMI550 titanium bars rolling by Tβ- 60 ℃,Tβ-25 ℃ and Tβ+ 15 ℃ were equiaxed microstructure,duplex microstructure and basketweave microstructure respectively. The room temperature tensile strength and 400 ℃ high temperature tensile strength with equiaxed microstructure,duplex microstructure and basketweave microstructure did not show significant difference,and plastic of equiaxed microstructure and duplex microstructure were also similar. The plastic of basketweave microstructure is relatively poor,but the creep properties is the best,duplex microstructure is the second,equiaxed microstructure is the worst.
Equiaxed crystals
Titanium alloy
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Feasibility and cost data are supplied for the production of tungsten-rhenium alloys from tungsten targets in the N-Reactor. The two types of target elements assumed were: (a) tungsten containing 90 a/o tungsten-186, 9 a/o tungsten-184 and 1 a/o tungsten-183 and 182, and (b) tungsten of natural isotopic composition (28.4 a/o tungsten-186, 30.6 a/o tungsten-184, 14.4 a/o tungsten 183, and 26.4 tungsten-182). It is assumed that the average thermal neutron capture cross section for the tungsten-186 is 32 barns.
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Equiaxed crystals
Titanium alloy
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