Single immunization with MF59-adjuvanted inactivated whole-virion H7N9 influenza vaccine provides early protection against H7N9 virus challenge in mice
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Inactivated vaccine
Vaccine adjuvant
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Objective To study the effect of chitosan as an adjuvant of inactivated influenza vaccine. Methods Inoculate i.p. BALB/c mice with 2 doses of inactivated influenza vaccine containing chitosan as an adjuvant,at an interval of 3 weeks.D etect the sera of mice for IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a levels,and nasal washing for IgA l evel.Challenge the mice with a lethal dosage (40LD 50) of influenza virus A /P R/8/34(H1N1) one week after the second dose of vaccine (booster) was given,obser ve the change of body weights and evaluate the protective effect of vaccine. Results The serum antibodies of mice increased significant ly,and the protection against challenge with influenza virus was enhanced. Conclusion As a novel adjuvant of inactivated influenza vaccine ,chitosan may enhance the level of antibody response.
Inactivated vaccine
Antibody response
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Inactivated vaccine
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To study the protection of hepatitis B recombinant vaccine on undergraduates through detecting their HBsAb titer after vaccination. ELISA was applied to detect HBsAb titer of 198 undergraduates. The positive rate of HBsAb in immunization group was higher than that in the non-immunization group (P0.01). The titer decreased significantly along with the primary immunization time (P0.01). A secondary immunization 5 years later can increase the titer evidently. [Conclusion] HBV vaccine can protect the undergraduates from hepatitis B within 5 years, it is necessary to be vaccinated again afterwards.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B vaccine
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The aluminum_adjuvant inactivated vaccine,oil_adjuvant inactivated vaccine and honey_adjuvant inactivated vaccine were developed and been tested for immune efficiency.The antibody examination showed that the antibody level produced by honey_adjuvant inactivated vaccine was the highest(2 7)at day 7 post immunization.As time pass by,the antibody titre reached its peak with oil_adjuvant inactivated vaccine.They were challenged to all the rabbits with ETECat 29 days post inoculation.The immunized rabbits could absolutely resist the challenge and the rabbits of control group were dead all.The results proved that the all three inactivated vaccines could brought proteciton rabbits from the ETEC of yak.
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Antibody titer
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Transcutaneous immunization(TCI) is new immune method.Adjuvant is very important in TCI.This paper briefly introduced adjuvant of TCI and its mechanism of induced immunization.It may lay a foundation for proper use of adjuvant.
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Tolerability
Immunosenescence
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Influenza is a major threat to public health. Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza; however, the current inactivated influenza vaccine has mild immunogenicity and exhibits suboptimal efficacy in clinical use. Vaccine efficacy can be improved by the addition of adjuvants, but few adjuvants have been approved for human use. To explore novel and effective adjuvants for influenza vaccines, here we screened 145 compounds from food additives approved in Japan. Of these 145 candidates, we identified 41 compounds that enhanced the efficacy of the split influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine against lethal virus challenge in a mouse model. These 41 compounds included 18 novel adjuvant candidates and 15 compounds with previously reported adjuvant effects for other antigens but not for the influenza vaccine. Our results are of value to the development of novel and effective adjuvanted influenza or other vaccines for human use.
Human use
Vaccine efficacy
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We evaluated whether the increased immunogenicity provided by an MF59-adjuvant influenza vaccine translates into increased protection among the elderly. Residents of 25 long-term care facilities received either the adjuvant or a non-adjuvant vaccine. The odds ratios (OR) of influenza-like illness were calculated for non-adjuvant vs. adjuvant vaccine recipients, also stratifying for chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases. The risk was higher for the non-adjuvant vaccine recipients and highest for those with respiratory disease (OR 2·27, 95% CI 1·09–4·82) and cardiovascular disease (OR 1·88; 95% CI 1·31–2·72). In this study the MF59-adjuvant vaccine provided superior clinical protection among the elderly, especially those with chronic diseases.
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