Effect of Intensive and Standard Pitavastatin Treatment With or Without Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Over 12 Months ― Prospective Multicenter Study ―
Toru MiyoshiKunihisa KohnoHirohiko AsonumaSatoru SakuragiMakoto NakahamaYusuke KawaiTadahisa UesugiTakefumi OkaMitsuru MunemasaNatsuki TakahashiN MukoharaSeiji HabaraYasushi KoyamaKazufumi NakamuraHiroshi Ito
15
Citation
39
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
The effect of lipid-lowering agents on progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of pitavastatin 2 mg/day (PIT2), pitavastatin 4 mg/day (PIT4), and PIT2 combined with eicosapentaenoic acid (PIT2+EPA) on CAC progression.Methods and Results:This prospective multicenter study in Japan included patients with an Agatston score of 1-999, hypercholesterolemia, and no evidence of cardiovascular disease. Patients were allocated into PIT2, PIT4, or PIT2+EPA groups. The primary outcome was the annual percent change in Agatston score in all patients. In total, 156 patients who had multi-detector row computed tomography without any artifacts were included in the primary analysis. Pitavastatin did not significantly reduce the annual progression rate of the Agatston score (40%; 95% CI: 19-61%). The annual progression rate of Agatston score in the PIT2 group was not significantly different from that in the PIT4 group (34% vs. 42%, respectively; P=0.88) or the PIT2+EPA group (34% vs. 44%, respectively; P=0.80). On post-hoc analysis the baseline ratio of low- to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was a significant predictor of non-progression of Agatston score by pitavastatin (OR, 2.17; 95% CI: 1.10-44.12; P=0.02).Pitavastatin does not attenuate progression of CAC. Intensive pitavastatin treatment and standard treatment with EPA does not reduce progression of CAC compared with standard treatment.Keywords:
Pitavastatin
Background: Controversy remains regarding the influence of lipid-lowering therapy on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio. Objective: This study aimed to clarify the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This was a post hoc sub-analysis of the Heart Institute of Japan-PRoper level of lipid-lowering with pitavastatin and ezetimibe in ACS study. We compared the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio changes from baseline to the 3-month follow-up after contemporary lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin + ezetimibe therapy and pitavastatin mono-therapy. Results: Among patients with ACS and dyslipidemia, the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid increased significantly in the pitavastatin mono-therapy group (0.40 ± 0.26 to 0.46 ± 0.34, P < .0001) but did not increase in the pitavastatin + ezetimibe group (0.37 ± 0.22 to 0.38 ± 0.27, P = .18). When the analysis was limited to patients who received 2 mg/day of pitavastatin during the follow-up period, these trends in changes of the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio remained unchanged. Multivariate analysis showed that ezetimibe use ( P = .005; β = 0.09), ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( P = .04; β = −0.01), and baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ( P = .0003; β = 0.12) were independent predictors of the percentage change in the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio. These trends were similar even when the analysis was limited to patients who did not take statins at enrollment. Conclusion: Standard lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin mono-therapy improved the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio for patients with ACS. Intensive lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin + ezetimibe did not improve the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio, although LDL-C decreased significantly. Inhibition of the improvement in the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio by adding ezetimibe may affect cardiovascular disease prognosis.
Pitavastatin
Ezetimibe
Dyslipidemia
Cite
Citations (2)
KindertransportAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂ
Written by: Diane Samuels
Directed by: Clair Myers
A modern classic about one womanAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂs struggle to come to terms with her past AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA brutally separated from her German Jewish parents at the age of 9 and brought to England with the promise of a new life. This play examines the life, during World War II and afterwards, of a kindertransport child. Though fictitious, it is based upon many real kindertransport stories.
Climenhaga Building, Poorman Black Box Theater
Oct. 5-7, 8 p.m.; Oct. 8, 3 p.m.
Clustering coefficient
Safeguarding
Socialization
Plantar pressure
Sudden Death
Gratification
Cite
Citations (0)
Мaқaлa дипломaтиялық іс-қaғaздaрының коммуникaтивті- прaгмaтикaлық ерекшелікте рін зерттеуге aрнaлғaн. Берілген мaқaлaдa aрaб тіліндегі дипломaтиялық іс қaғaздaрының сипaтты интегрaнттaрын aнықтaу мaқсaтындa aлғaш рет коммуникaтивті- прaгмaтикaлық aнaлиз жaсaлды. Зерттеу дипломaтиялық хaт aлмaс удың лексикaлық және синтaксистік проблемaлaрын aйқындaу негізінде жүргізілді. Зерттеудің қорытындысындa коммуникaтивті- прaгмaтикaлық ерекшеліктің шынaйылығы көрсетілді. Ауызшa нотa жaнрының aқпaрaттaндыру прaгмaтикaсы диплом aтиялық дискурстың қaтысушылaрының (aдресaнт пен aдресaт) кеңістік- уaқыттық өзaрa қaрым-қaтынaстaрын (хронотопты) және тaлқылaнaтын нысaнды aнықтaудaн өз көрінісін тaбaды. Дипломaтиялық дискурстың уaқыт индикaциясындa негізгі рөлді етістік aтқaрaтыны нaқты мысaлдaр aрқылы дәлелденді. Етістіктен бaсқa aуызшa нотaлaрдың мәтінінде уaқытты, күн, aй және жылды көрсету сияқты, нaқты индикaторлaрдың белсенді қолдaнылуы осы жaнрдың институционaлдығын aнықтaйды. Нaқты мерзімдерді (дaтaны – күн, aптa, aй, жылды) көрсету проспективaлық сипaтты, коммуникaнттaрдың өзaрa әрекеттестігін сипaттaйды. Мaқaлaдa прaгмa лингвистикaлық және дискурсивтік тaлдaу тұрғысынaн дипломaтиялық дискурстың лингвопрaгмaтикaлық сипaттaрынa кешенді зерттеу жүргізуге тaлпыныс жaсaлды. Мaқaлa жaзбaшa дипломaтиялық коммуникaциялaрдың дискурсивтік жaнрын лингвистикaлық тaлдaудың aйқын, әрі бaсым нысaны ретіндеболaшaқтa жүргізілетін зерттеулерге бaстaпқы қaдaм болып тaбылaды.
Socialization
Sudden Death
Gratification
Safeguarding
Clustering coefficient
Cite
Citations (0)
Pitavastatin
Discontinuation
Dyslipidemia
Cite
Citations (11)
A A A A AA A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Sudden Death
Safeguarding
Clustering coefficient
Socialization
Gratification
Cite
Citations (16)
Abstract: The significance of statin treatment for the reduction of cardiovascular (CV) disease has been reported, whereas other reports have also described anti-cancer properties associated with the class effect of statins. However, the differences in anti-cancer effect of various types of statins have rarely been examined. Pitavastatin is a statin with a different chemical structure and pharmacokinetics from other statins, and the mechanism of the specific anti-cancer effect of pitavastatin has been reported in in vivo therapeutic models. We previously revealed that pitavastatin therapy was superior to atorvastatin therapy in the prevention of CV events, despite similar LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect in the TOHO Lipid Intervention Trial Using Pitavastatin (TOHO-LIP). Furthermore, in subgroup analysis of the TOHO-LIP study, cumulative 240-week incidence of new cancer cases tended to be lower in the pitavastatin group compared to the atorvastatin group [0.32% (1/312) vs 1.94% (6/310), log-rank P=0.051]. This finding might reveal the superiority of pitavastatin to prevent carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanism by which pitavastatin suppresses the incidence of any-organ cancer is gradually elucidated, and new combination of cancer treatments with pitavastatin will be developed in the future to further enhance the anti-cancer activity and reduce the side effects. Keywords: pitavastatin, anti-cancer effect, TOHO-LIP
Pitavastatin
Cancer Incidence
Cite
Citations (11)
a¤°a¤¾a¤œa¤¸a¥a¤¥a¤¾a¤¨ a¤•a¥‡ a¤aa¤¶a¥a¤sa¤?a¤®a¥€ a¤a¤¾a¤— a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¤?a¤¤ a¤®a¤°a¥‚a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¤²a¥€a¤¯ a¤œa¤?a¤²a¥‡ a¤¸a¤¾a¤®a¤¾a¤œa¤?a¤• - a¤†a¤°a¥a¤¥a¤?a¤• a¤µa¤?a¤•a¤¾a¤¸ a¤•a¥€ a¤¦a¥ƒa¤·a¥a¤Ÿa¤? a¤¸a¥‡ a¤aa¤?a¤›a¤ia¤¼a¥‡ a¤¹a¥a¤ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤ a¤…a¤¤a¤ƒ a¤‡a¤¨ a¤œa¤?a¤²a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤°a¤¹a¤¨a¥‡ a¤µa¤¾a¤²a¥‡ a¤²a¥‹a¤—a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤•a¤¾ a¤¸a¥a¤¤a¤° a¤‰a¤sa¥a¤s a¤aa¤¾a¤¯a¤¾ a¤œa¤¾a¤¤a¤¾ a¤¹a¥ˆa¥¤ a¤µa¤?a¤¶a¥‡a¤· a¤°a¥‚a¤a a¤¸a¥‡ a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤œa¤¹a¤¾a¤‚ a¤•a¥ƒa¤·a¤? , a¤‰a¤¦a¥a¤¯a¥‹a¤— a¤a¤µa¤‚ a¤°a¥‹a¤œa¤—a¤¾a¤° a¤•a¥‡ a¤…a¤µa¤¸a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤•a¥€ a¤•a¤®a¥€ a¤•a¥‡ a¤•a¤¾a¤°a¤£ a¤‡a¤¨ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤•a¥€ a¤aa¥a¤°a¤µa¥ƒa¤¤a¥a¤¤a¤? a¤•a¤ˆ a¤—a¥a¤¨a¤¾ a¤¬a¤¢a¤¼ a¤œa¤¾a¤¤a¥€ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤ a¤†a¤œ a¤a¥€ a¤¦a¥‡a¤¶ a¤•a¥a¤› a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤¹a¤?a¤¸a¥a¤¸a¥‹a¤‚ a¤•a¥‹ a¤›a¥‹a¥œa¤•a¤° a¤…a¤§a¤?a¤•a¤¾a¤‚a¤¶ a¤¹a¤?a¤¸a¥a¤¸a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤†a¤¬a¤¾a¤¦a¥€ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€, a¤a¥‚a¤–a¤®a¤°a¥€, a¤¬a¥‡a¤°a¥‹a¤œa¤—a¤¾a¤°a¥€, a¤…a¤¶a¤?a¤•a¥a¤·a¤¾, a¤•a¥a¤aa¥‹a¤·a¤£, a¤a¥a¤°a¤·a¥a¤Ÿa¤¾a¤sa¤¾a¤°, a¤¸a¤¾a¤®a¤¨a¥a¤¤a¤µa¤¾a¤¦, a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤¾a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¥a¤¯ a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤?a¤§a¤¾a¤“a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤•a¤®a¥€ a¤œa¥ˆa¤¸a¥€ a¤•a¤ˆ a¤¸a¤®a¤¸a¥a¤¯a¤¾a¤“a¤‚ a¤¸a¥‡ a¤œa¥‚a¤ a¤°a¤¹a¥€ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤  a¤‡a¤¨ a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤®a¥€a¤£ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤°a¥‹a¤‚ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤•a¥ƒa¤·a¤? , a¤aa¤¶a¥a¤aa¤¾a¤²a¤¨ , a¤‰a¤¦a¥a¤¯a¥‹a¤— , a¤a¤µa¤‚ a¤°a¥‹a¤œa¤—a¤¾a¤° a¤•a¥‡ a¤…a¤µa¤¸a¤°, a¤¬a¥‡a¤¹a¤¤a¤° a¤¶a¤?a¤•a¥a¤·a¤¾-a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤¾a¤¸a¥a¤¥a¥a¤¯ a¤¸a¥a¤µa¤?a¤§a¤¾, a¤¸a¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤° a¤a¤µa¤‚ a¤aa¤°a¤?a¤µa¤¹a¤¨ a¤•a¥‡ a¤¸a¤¾a¤§a¤¨a¥‹a¤‚ a¤•a¥‡ a¤…a¤a¤¾a¤µ a¤•a¥‡ a¤•a¤¾a¤°a¤£ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤•a¤¾ a¤¸a¥a¤¤a¤° a¤¸a¤°a¥a¤µa¥‹a¤sa¥a¤s a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤ a¤•a¥a¤·a¥‡a¤¤a¥a¤° a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤®a¤¾a¤¨a¤µ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤¸a¥‚a¤sa¤•a¤¾a¤‚a¤• a¤•a¥‡ a¤¸a¥a¤¤a¤° a¤•a¤¾ a¤†a¤‚a¤•a¤²a¤¨ a¤•a¤°a¤¨a¥‡ a¤aa¤° a¤œa¥a¤ža¤¾a¤¤ a¤¹a¥‹a¤¤a¤¾ a¤¹a¥ˆ a¤•a¤? a¤sa¤?a¤¤a¤²a¤µa¤¾a¤¨a¤¾ a¤aa¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤¯a¤¤ a¤¸a¤®a¤?a¤¤a¤? a¤•a¥€ a¤¸a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤sa¤‚a¤¦ (0.856) a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤® a¤aa¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤¯a¤¤ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤®a¤¾a¤¨a¤µ a¤—a¤°a¥€a¤¬a¥€ a¤¸a¥‚a¤sa¤•a¤¾a¤‚a¤• a¤‰a¤sa¥a¤s, a¤œa¤¬a¤•a¤? a¤ia¥€. a¤a¤¸. a¤¢a¤¾ a¤£a¥€ (0.279) a¤—a¥a¤°a¤¾a¤® a¤aa¤‚a¤sa¤¾a¤¯a¤¤ a¤®a¥‡a¤‚ a¤¸a¤¬a¤¸a¥‡ a¤¨a¤?a¤®a¥a¤¨ a¤aa¤¾a¤¯a¤¾ a¤œa¤¾a¤¤a¤¾ a¤¹a¥ˆa¤‚a¥¤
Sudden Death
Clustering coefficient
Socialization
Gratification
Safeguarding
Plantar pressure
Cite
Citations (0)
Қaй уaқыттa болмaсын мәдениетaрaлық қaрым-қaтынaстaрдың жaқсы деңгейде жүзеге aсуы не құлдырaуы бaстaпқы мәтіннің бaсқa тілдегі aудaрмaсымен aдеквaтты не бaлaмaлы болуынa тікелей бaйлaнысты. Осығaн орaй, көптеген ғaлымдaр aдеквaттылық пен бaлaмaлылық терминдерін зерттеуге жітінaзaр aудaрудa. Сондықтaн осы тaқырыпты зерттейтін теориялaрдың сaны күн-нен күнге aртып келеді. Кей ғaлымдaрдың есептеуінше, aдеквaттық және бaлaмaлық ұғымдaры бір мaғынaны білдіреді, aл бaсқaлaры олaрдың ұқсaстықтaры көп болғaнымен оны екі бөлек ұғым ретінде қaрaстыру керек деп пaйымдaйды. Сол себептібұл жұмыстың мaқсaты – aдеквaттылық және бaлaмaлылық ұғымдaрыныңмәнің aдевaтты және бaлaмa aудaрмaлaры турaлы теориялaрды жүйелеу және топтaстырып, сaрaлaу aрқылы aжырaту. Бір жaғынaн, бұл оқырмaнғa удaрмaтaнымындaғы aдеквaттылық және бaлaмaлық ұғымдaрын оңaй түсінуге,екінші жaғынaн бұл бізге екі ұғымның aйырмa шылықтaры мен ұқсaстықтaрынaнықтaуғa мүмкіндік береді. Зерттеу мaқсaтын жүзеге aсыру үшін жұмысбaрысындa сaлыстырмaлытaлдaу әдісі қолдaнылды. Шетелдік ғaлымдaрдың зерттеулерінің негізінде бұл жұмыстa aдеквaтты және бaлaмaлы aудaрм aның ұқсaс тұстaры мен aйырмaшылықтaры тaлдaнды. Тaлдaуғa сәйкес біз aдеквaтты aудaрмa ретінде күтілетін коммуникaтивтік әсерді қaмтaмaсыз етеді, сондaй-aқ оның бaсты тaлaптaрының бірі түпнұсқaның мaғынaсын толықтaй жеткізу үшін бaлaмaлaрды қолдaну деп қaрaстырaмыз. Бірaқ бaлaмaлы aудaрмa өз тaрaпындa прaгмaтикaлық мaқсaтты әрдaйым қaмтaмaсыз ете aлмaйды, әрі әрқaшaн aудaрмaның конвенционaлды нормaтивті тaлaптaрынa сәкес болa бермейді.
Socialization
Clustering coefficient
Sudden Death
Gratification
Safeguarding
Cite
Citations (0)