Comparative Study of Xenobiotic-free Media for the Cultivation of Human Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells
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Xenobiotic
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目的 建立人晶状体上皮细胞体外培养的简单有效方法,观察不同年龄人晶状体上皮细胞的体外生长规律和特点.方法应用改良组织块培养法对胎儿、成人和年龄相关性白内障的晶状体上皮细胞进行体外培养,在倒置显微镜下观察其生长、分化规律.结果胎儿、成人和年龄相关性白内障晶状体上皮细胞都具有增殖能力,胎儿和成人晶状体上皮细胞可传3代,年龄相关性白内障晶状体上皮细胞传代培养基本不能增殖.结论人晶状体上皮细胞体外培养困难,不同年龄人晶状体上皮细胞体外均能增殖,但增殖能力均很有限;改良组织块培养法是晶状体上皮细胞体外培养的较好方法。
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Epithelial cells of human senile cataractous lenses from aged patients (over 60) were cultured in vitro. They began to grow from the 4th to 6th day of culture and formed typical epithelial cell sheets. The lentoid identified by immunochemical methods as a mass of lens fibers were found to develop at the terminal period of the primary culture. From the secondary passage of the culture, the growth potential of the cells decayed rapidly. It was also demonstrated clearly that the senile cataractous lenses still contained a small number of active epithelial cells exhibiting rather high growth and differentiation potentials, No signficant relationships between activities of epithelial cells and the condition of cataract have been observed so far.
Senile cataract
Primary culture
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In cancer research, it is essential to understand the differences of normal and carcinoma cells. To date there are not many studies of normal human epithelial cells because of difficulties in obtaining human materials and culturing them. After Peehl and Ham developed a low calcium medium which does not require feeder cells, the culture of normal human epithelial cells became relatively easy. In this paper, I will describe and compare different culture methods for normal human epithelial cells (mainly keratinocyte culture systems). We also present establishment processes of normal human ectocervical epithelial cell culture system that is dramatically improved by a combination of serum supplemented high-calcium and serum-free low-calcium media according to changes of a physiological state of the cells by passages. This suggest that we have to be aware of changes of cells in responses and use them in developing culture systems. I will also describe a study of mouse epidermal keratinocyte culture system and discuss the use of normal human epithelial cell system in screening potential chemotherapy reagents. In the study normal epithelial cells inhibit growth of initiated cells and this inhibition can be modified by tumor promoters and their inhibitors.
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Fetal bovine serum
Corneal Endothelium
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Characterization
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Xenobiotic metabolism by plant tissue cultures are reviewed with an emphasis on pesticide metabolism. The results obtained with tissue culture techniques are evaluated and compared with results using whole plants. Some factors affecting metabolism studies with plant tissue culture techniques are also considered. Some advantages of the plant tissue culture techniques include: sterility, a rapidly growing homogenous tissue with low pigment content, moderate cost and space requirements, ease of duplication of treatment conditions, rapid uptake and metabolism of xenobiotics, and ease of isolation of metabolites. It offers the opportunity to mass produce desired metabolites as well as evaluate phytotoxicity or physiological changes of the plant tissue. Obvious disadvantages of this technique are its failure to evaluate such factors as: penetration, absorption, microorganisms, vascular transport and environmental influences. Other factors affecting xenobiotic metabolism by plant tissue cultures are: culture method, source of the tissue, method of treatment and concentration of xenobiotic, composition of medium and physiological age of tissue. Although quantitative and perhaps qualitative differences may be found, it is concluded that xenobiotic metabolism by plant tissue culture provides a useful approximation of metabolic pathways in intact plants.
Xenobiotic
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue
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Characterization
Human skin
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