Neuropsychological Characteristics of Children with Mixed Autism and ADHD
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Clinical heterogeneity is a well-established characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD is well known in clinical practice, relatively little research has examined the neuropsychological profile of children with ASD + ADHD. Our study showed significant differences in the neuropsychological characteristics of children with ASD + ADHD compared to those with ASD only. Children with ASD + ADHD showed higher symptoms of anxiety, worse working memory, and less empathy, as measured by the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes.” This suggests that having ADHD brings further challenges to individuals with ASD and may negatively impact their management and outcome. Our findings may have implications for clinical assessment as well as for intervention.Empathy is increasingly being recognized as a crucial component for an effective doctor-patient relationship. Using a mixed method approach, we surveyed 125 patients and 361 medical practitioners (doctors and medical students) views of the doctor-patient relationship. We qualitatively assessed patients' views of what constituted a good doctor and qualitatively measured empathy using a validated scale in medical practitioners. Patients desire a doctor that is both clinically proficient 66 (55%) and caring 32 (27%). Doctors who have a personal experience of illness have a statistically higher empathy score. These doctors may be well placed to help develop and foster empathy in our profession.
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Empathy has been identified as an important communication skill that can improve psychological outcomes for patients with cancer and palliative care patients; as such there is a need for cancer nurses to be empathic. The majority of research that has been carried out has been concerned with the definition and measurement of empathy. Exploration into the concept of empathy has shown that there is a need to examine the nature of it and to identify exactly where it succeeds and fails. The questions of how empathy is nurtured and sustained and under what conditions it flourishes and diminishes need to be addressed. This study aimed to investigate how cancer nurses interpret and acquire empathy, and to identify the conditions that influence it. It was also important to establish what cancer nurses considered to be the benefits and disadvantages of expressing empathy. The findings demonstrated that nurses are aware of the concept of empathy and do use their empathic skills; however, there are barriers that could inhibit the expression of empathy, including lack of time, poor environment and communication difficulties. This study highlights the recognition of empathy as a discrete communication skill and the need for more structured courses.
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Empathy has been difficult to sustain and foster in medical training. Based on empirical evidence and intuitive human experience, this paper proposes that empathy can be re-conceptualized as a dynamic reservoir, referred to as an “empathy tank.” Physicians and learners who have personally experienced or received much empathy will naturally have a stronger tendency and greater capacity for empathy than others who have experienced little. These instances of empathy that fill the “empathy tank” can take the form of personal experiences, re-experiencing memories, and vicarious experiences. As this reservoir is filled, the empathy therein can more readily be poured out to others. Thus, all trainees should be educated to recognize first and foremost their personal need for empathy that they share with patients and subsequently seek encounters that highlight these empathic experiences. Three practical implications for educational interventions are discussed: (1) Learners and preceptors should recognize instances in training of perceived inadequacy as opportunities to provide empathy, (2) Interventions should target foundational rather than secondary issues in empathy, and (3) Interventions should enable empathy in learners to be self-sustaining.
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The present study aims to understand the level of Clinical empathy and Dispositional empathy among doctors. Empathy becomes more important when talking in the health provider sector, because this is where it comes in action. Data was collected from 100 doctors from various specializations across different hospitals in Delhi. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSE), the HP version of this was used to assess the clinician’s empathy as this focuses on empathy in clinical setting. And the International Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980, 1983) was used for measuring dispositional empathy. This study explores correlation between empathy and dispositional empathy. Results show that Clinical empathy and Dispositional empathy were significantly related.
Interpersonal Reactivity Index
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Product teams, including our own, often interpret empathy as evidence. However, in practice, empathy is actually something that drives us to seek evidence. By observing and evaluating various examples within Shopify, we have identified 4 traps that are common in the way empathy is manifested. We modelled the relationship between empathy, problems, evidence, and decisions to provide strategies for how to use empathy effectively while being sympathetic to its limitations. Since empathy drives us to seek evidence, and thus cannot be considered evidence itself, empathy must be used at an appropriate level of abstraction throughout the product decision‐making process in order to influence good decisions.
Commodification
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Empathy has not been measured in clients’ terms or effectively taught: a review of the literature Empathy, the ability to communicate an understanding of a client’s world, is said to be a crucial component of all helping relationships. The first part of this paper focuses on the failure of measures of empathy to reflect clients’ views about the ability to offer empathy. It is argued that, if clients are able to perceive the amount of empathy in helping relationships, they are able to advise professionals about how to offer empathy. The second part of this paper examines the inconclusive research evidence that existing courses have enabled professionals to offer empathy, and the disagreement about how empathy is best taught. The literature reviewed in this paper substantiates these observations.
Component (thermodynamics)
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سابقه و هدف : امروزه ارتباط و درک متقابل میان بیمار و فرد ارائه دهنده مراقبتهای سلامت در مشاغل حوزه سلامت و به خصوص در دندانپزشکی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.یکی از اجزای این ارتباط موثر و درک متقابل توانایی نشان دادن empathy است.empathy نقش مهمی در رابطه پزشک با بیمار و رضایت وی دارد و نتایج مثبت حاصل از روند درمان را افزایش میدهد.مطالعات نشان میدهد دانشجویانی که میزان empathy در آنها بالاتر است، در کارهای کلینیکی بهتر عمل میکنند. نتایج حاصل از بررسی empathy میان دانشجویان، مسئولین را قادر میسازد که با انجام تغییرات در برنامه های درسی، میزان آن را در دوران تحصیل افزایش دهند. از اینرو هدف این مطالعه، مرور مقالاتی است که میزان empathy را درمیان دانشجویان رشته های علوم پزشکی بررسی کردهاند.. مواد و روشها: در مطالعه مروری حاضر جستجو در PubMed و با استفاده از کلید واژههای “empathy” ،“ health professions” “dentistry students” و “medical students” در مقالههای انگلیسی از سال 2014-2004 انجام گرفت. یافته ها: در نهایت متن کامل 10 مقاله براساس معیارهای ورود انجام بر روی دانشجویان علوم پزشکی و بررسی کمی میزان empathy، انتخاب گردید. در بیشتر این مطالعات از پرسشنامه های Jefferson Scale Of Physician Empathy (JSPE) برای ارزیابی empathy استفاده شده بود. در اکثر مطالعات انجام شده میزان empathy در خانمها بیشتر از آقایان بود. همچنین مشاهده شد که در اکثر دانشگاهها میزان empathy در دوران تحصیل کاهش مییابد که این مورد تا حدی به برنامه آموزشی در دانشگاه بستگی دارد. نتیجه گیری : به نظر میرسد بررسی هر برنامه آموزشی مرتبط با دانشجویان حوزه سلامت نیاز به ارزیابی میزان empathy داشته باشد تا تدابیر لازم جهت حفظ یا بهبود آن از طریق تغییر و تصحیح برنامه آموزشی امکان پذیر گردد.
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This article proposes a new holistic conceptualization of empathy for nursing practice that allows different aspects of the literature to be understood. This study is based on the data of a doctoral study exploring the nature of empathy on an oncology ward. The findings revealed that empathy is not a single phenomenon. Four different forms of empathy were identified, namely, empathy as an incident, empathy as a way of knowing, empathy as a process, and empathy as a way of being. These different forms of empathy can be understood in terms of a continuum of empathy development and suggest a new way of conceptualizing empathy that can be depicted diagrammatically.
Phenomenon
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