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    High Performance Electrodes for All-Solid-State Supercapacitor Prepared by Using E-Jet Deposition Technique
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    Abstract:
    Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) deposition technique was used to prepare thin film porous electrodes for all-solid-state electrochemical supercapacitors. The performance of thin film graphene/PANI electrodes separately prepared by E-jet deposition and brush-coating were comparatively studied in supercapacitors. Results show that the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor by E-jet deposition can reach 228F·g -1 at 0.5A·g -1 and remain 92% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Compared to those electrodes made by traditional brush coating techniques, the capacitance and cycling stability of the supercapacitors in this work were respectively increased by 11% and 7%, means that E-jet deposition can be an ideal technique for fabrication of high performance supercapacitor electrodes.
    Keywords:
    Deposition
    Electrohydrodynamics
    Supercapacitors cannot fulfill their potential as energy storage devices without substantially improving their comparatively low energy density. This requires improving their capacitance. Unfortunately, predicting the capacitance of the carbon-based materials that typically make up supercapacitor electrodes is difficult. For example, remarkably we lack a theoretical understanding of the capacitance of even the most basic example of a carbon electrode: highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. (HOPG) This material has a capacitance that is an order of magnitude lower than both standard metals and theoretical expectations. Here, we use new quantum mechanical calculations in combination with a critical analysis of the literature to demonstrate that the standard explanations of this unusually low capacitance are inadequate. We then demonstrate that a layer of hydrocarbon impurities which has recently been shown to form on graphite is the most plausible explanation. We develop a model of this effect which accounts for the penetration of solvent into the hydrocarbon layer as the voltage increases. This model explains the characteristic V shape of the capacitance as a function of voltage. Finally, we present evidence that this layer also forms and limits the capacitance in real supercapacitor materials such as activated carbon. Methods of modifying or removing this layer could therefore potentially lead to significant improvements in the capacitance of typical supercapacitors.
    Pyrolytic carbon
    Differential capacitance
    Quantum capacitance
    Carbon fibers
    This paper revisits the supercapacitor capacitance characterization method 1A of the IEC standard 62391-1. For comparison, an alternative method using the total charge stored in the supercapacitor is proposed. These two methods are applied to three supercapacitor samples with different rated capacitances from different manufacturers at different terminal voltages. Results show that the capacitance determined using the IEC method decreases when the discharge current increases. Besides, the capacitance measured using the IEC method is lower than that estimated using the total charge method. These observations are explained by analyzing a five-branch RC ladder circuit model capturing the porous electrode structure and the charge redistribution process of supercapacitors.
    Differential capacitance
    Citations (19)
    By vacuumizing method,BP2000 carbon owning large specific surface area was prepared in supercapacitor.The performance of the capacitor was studied by cyclic voltammograms,constant current charge/discharge methods and impedance test.The best time of vacuumizing was 30 min,the specific capacitance of carbon electrode was 260.1 F/g,more than that of original carbon electrode 200%;the specific capacitance of capacitor was 84.01 F/g that enhanced by 85.17% than that of no-vacuumizing;also the specific capacitance of 1 000 times declined 34.9% under current density of 3 A/g.These results show that the capacitor has the typical character of capacitance.
    Carbon fibers
    Constant current
    Power density
    Specific surface area
    Citations (0)
    Graphene is a promising material for energy storage, especially for high performance supercapacitors. For real time high power applications, it is critical to have high specific capacitance with fast charging time at high current density. Using a modified Hummer's method and tip sonication for graphene synthesis, here we show graphene-based supercapacitors with high stability and significantly-improved electrical double layer capacitance and energy density with fast charging and discharging time at a high current density, due to enhanced ionic electrolyte accessibility in deeper regions. The discharge capacitance and energy density values, 195 Fg-1 and 83.4 Whkg-1, are achieved at a current density of 2.5 Ag-1. The time required to discharge 64.18 Whkg-1 at 5 A/g is around 25 sec. At 7.5 Ag-1 current density, the cell can deliver a specific capacitance of about 137 Fg-1 and maintain 98 % of its initial value after 10,000 cycles, suggesting that the stable performance of supercapacitors at high current rates is suitable for fast charging-discharging applications. We attribute this superior performance to the highly porous nature of graphene prepared with minimum restacking due to crimple nature wrinkles and the improved current collecting method.
    Power density
    Citations (26)
    Flexible supercapacitors with electrodes coated on inexpensive fabrics by the dipping technique. This paper present details of the design, fabrication and characterisation of fabric supercapacitor. The sandwich structured supercapacitors can achieve specific capacitances of 11.1F/g, area capacitance 105 mF.cm−2 and maintain 95% of the initial capacitance after cycling the device for more than 15000 times.
    Abstract Core-shell structured NiCo 2 S 4 @NiMoO 4 is considered to be one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to its high specific capacitance and excellent cycle performance. In this work, we report NiCo 2 S 4 @NiMoO 4 nanosheets on Ni foam by two-step fabricated method. The as-obtained product has high capacitance of 1102.5 F g − 1 at 1 A g − 1 . The as-assembled supercapacitor has also a high energy density of 37.6 W h kg − 1 and superior cycle performance with 85% capacitance retention. The electrode materials reported here might exhibits potential applications in future energy storage devices.
    Energy density
    Here we proposed novel NiCo2O4 nanowires on carbon black layer that used as a superior electrode for supercapacitors, with an excellent pseudocapacitive performance. The NiCo2O4 nanowires-based electrode provide high values of specific capacitance of 3.31 F/cm2 corresponding to the current densities of 5 mA/cm2. The symmetrical supercapacitor based on NiCo2O4 nanowires-based electrode have a high areal specific capacitance of 42.6 mF/cm2 corresponding to the current densities of 0.5 mA/cm2. It exhibited good cycling life that the specific capacitance maintained with no decrease during 50000 cycles. Our work can be applied in mass applications of high-capacitance energy-storage supercapacitors.
    Carbon fibers