Degradation of polyvinyl alcohol by a novel bacterial strainStenotrophomonassp. SA21
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In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-degrading bacteria were screened from oil sludge using PVA as a sole source of carbon in the culture medium. A novel strain, SA21, was obtained and identified as a member of the Stenotrophomonas genus based on the analysis of a partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence, morphological and biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis. This Stenotrophomonas isolate had not previously been reported as a PVA-degrading bacterium. Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SA21 degraded 90% of the PVA present in the culture medium after 4 days. The effect of nitrogen sources on the production of PVA-degrading enzyme involved in the biodegradation process was significant, and the enzymatic activity reached 82 U/ml when ammonium nitrate or urea was used in the optimized medium. The information obtained in this study will provide a foundation for improving industrial wastewater treatment.DCW: dry cell weight; FTIR: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol; SEM: scanning electron microscope.Keywords:
Stenotrophomonas
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Incubation test on the degradation dynamics of Abamectin in soil showed that the half-life of its non-biodegradation plus microbial biodegradation, non-biodegradation, and microbial biodegradation was 34.8, 277.3 and 49.9 d, respectively, and its degradation in soil was mostly by microbes. A dominant bacterium which could effectively degrade Abamectin was isolated from test soil, and identified as Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia by 16S rDNA. The crude enzyme extracted from the dominant bacteria had a Michaelis-Menten's constant 6.78 nmol x ml(-1) and a maximum rate 81.5 nmol x min(-1) x mg(-1).
Stenotrophomonas
Abamectin
Degradation
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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This study examines the primary and ultimate biodegradation of a non-ionic surfactant, an alkylpolyglucoside, in ready biodegradability tests. The surfactant concentration was tested by the anthrone method, while the ultimate biodegradation (mineralization) was analyzed by the total organic carbon determinations. The influence of the concentration on the extent of primary and ultimate biodegradation and the kinetics of degradation also were determined. The primary and ultimate biodegradation was studied at different initial concentrations-15, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L. The increasing concentration of test chemical from 15 to 100 mg/L resulted in a decrease in the relative maximum mineralization rate and longer estimated lag times by a factor of approximately 4.3. During the degradative process, two different stages were noted; these are better described with Quiroga and first-order kinetic models, respectively. For the study of the influence of concentration, the parameters characteristic of the biodegradation profiles in the different biodegradation assays were evaluated.
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The relationship between the structure of polyvinyl alcohol and its water solubility as well as the dissolve mechanism and research significance were discussed in detail.The study progress of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol at home and abroad were mainly introduced,especially followed the study status of Kuraray water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol,and the prospect of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol of China was raised.
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Water soluble
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Carbonnanotubes (CNTs) suspended in polyvinyl glycol were synthesized and their thermal or electrical conductivity enhancement rate were investigated. Polyvinyl alcohols/CNT based nan fluids have been synthesized by dispersing nan composites ofPolyvinyl alcohol/CNT in distilled water without any surfactant.The results showed that well-dispersed Polyvinyl alcohols/CNTs nan fluids with varying concentration of Polyvinyl alcohol/CNT can be synthesized using the present method.The effective thermal and electrical conductivity of CNT/water and polyvinyl alcohol is measured with different concentration and temperatures (30–50 °C). Dispersed CNT was found to enhance thermal and electrical conductivities of base liquid. Howeverthe ratios of thermal conductivities for various concentration of CNT were to have marginal difference where electrical conductivity show appreciable variations. Polyvinyl alcohol based coolants were found to show high thermal and electrical conductivity in comparison to coolants without Polyvinyl alcohol based coolants. Variation of electrical and thermal conductivities were explained on the bases of molecular interactions between constituent materials. The proposed explanationagree quite well with the experimental data.
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Distilled water
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Stenotrophomonas
Strain (injury)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Degradation
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为了探索 nonylphenolic 的 biodegradation 行为，在废水处理处理期间加重，二照原尺寸的废水处理植物被调查，批 biodegradation 试验被进行。在各种各样的运作的条件下面的 biodegradation 小径从批实验被识别：在厌氧的条件下面统治的 ethoxy 链弄短，而终端酒鬼组氧化在氧气的条件下面在另外的线路上占优势。结果证明缺氧的条件能加速 nonylphenolic 混合物的 biodegradation 率，但是没在 biodegradation 小径上有影响。nonylphenol (NP ) 和短链的 nonylphenol polyethoxylates 的 biodegradation 率(NPnEOs， n：ethoxy 单位的数字) 从厌氧的条件增加了，然后缺氧，最后到氧气的条件，当那些在各种各样的条件下面长链的 NPnEOs 和 nonylphenoxy 羧化物(NPEC ) 似乎类似时。在每个运作的条件下面，长链的 NPnEOs 显示出最高的 biodegradation 活动，由 NPEC 和短链的 NPnEOs 列在后面，而 NP 特别在厌氧的条件下面显示出相对不顺从的特征。另外，把硫酸盐和硝酸盐介绍给厌氧的条件能由供应更积极的氧化还原作用潜力提高 NP 和短链的 NPnEOs 的 biodegradation。
Nonylphenol
Degradation
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Abstract Oil samples from the Bongor Basin, SW Chad have been geochemically characterized to investigate the biodegradation influence on alkylphenanthrenes. Concentrations of C0–3-alkylphenanthrenes (C0–3Ps) increase markedly after level 6 biodegradation due to the removal of other vulnerable components, decrease sharply after level 7 biodegradation and approach to absence at level 8. Phenanthrene appears to have higher ability to resist biodegradation than C1–3Ps at certain biodegradation levels (≤level 7) due to demethylation, which has been inferred as a possible reaction process during biodegradation of the aromatic hydrocarbons. The enrichment of non-alkylated phenanthrene in biodegraded oils makes biodegradation assessment complicated on the basis of alkylphenanthrene distributions. Individual isomers in alkylphenanthrenes exhibit variable ability to resist biodegradation influence. While certain isomers do show higher ability to resist biodegradation than others, no uniform biodegradation sequence can be established. Meanwhile, the biodegradation susceptibility between hopanes and alkylphenanthrenes varies greatly in different samples. The biodegradation systematics of alkylphenanthrenes proves to be highly complex, which may be indicative of the multiple charges and mixing during biodegradation.
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Biodegradation-promoting additives for polymers are increasingly being used around the world with the claim that they effectively render commercial polymers biodegradable. However, there is a lot of uncertainty about their effectiveness in degrading polymers in different environments. In this study, we evaluated the effect of biodegradation-promoting additives on the biodegradation of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Biodegradation was evaluated in compost, anaerobic digestion, and soil burial environments. None of the five different additives tested significantly increased biodegradation in any of these environments. Thus, no evidence was found that these additives promote and/or enhance biodegradation of PE or PET polymers. So, anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation are not recommended as feasible disposal routes for nonbiodegradable plastics containing any of the five tested biodegradation-promoting additives.
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