Study of Colletotrichum graminicola as a bioherbicide forbiological control of Echinochloa species
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In this research during 2011-12, Colletotrichum graminicola was isolated from Echinochloa spp. and studied as a biological agent for control. At first, reactions of five rice cultivars to C. graminicola were evaluated. Then, C. graminicola was inoculated on Echinochloa spp. Results indicated that the disease rating caused by this fungus in the weed was more than that in the studied rice cultivars. Also, the fungus had a significant effect on the height, fresh weight and dry weight of Echinochloa spp. and reduced them. So, C. graminicola is not recommended as a probable mycoherbicide for biological control of Echinochloa spp. in paddy fields.Keywords:
Bioherbicide
Echinochloa crus-galli
Graminicola
Colletotrichum
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Abstract During a survey of foliar spot of wheat in different agro-ecological wheat production zones, conducted in 2005, Collectotrichum graminicola was found to cause anthracnose in wheat with other foliar diseases like leaf blotch. Pathogenicity has been carried out to fulfill Koch's postulates. Keywords: Wheatanthracnose Colletotrichum graminicola
Graminicola
Colletotrichum
Mycosphaerella graminicola
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Sorghum is subjected to several diseases at all the stages of its development. Sorghum belongs to the family poaceae. It is one of the most important cereal crops in India, it stands fifth most important world cereal crop after wheat, rice, maize and barley. Among all the diseases infecting sorghum, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum graminicola is one of the most destructive foliar diseases in sorghum. According to present investigation under in vitro conditions, Three antagonistic fungi of Trichoderma species were tested against Colletotrichum graminicola under in vitro conditions by using the dual culture method the results revealed that Trichoderma harzianum has most promising antagonist against Colletotrichum graminicola.
Graminicola
Trichoderma harzianum
Colletotrichum
Trichoderma
Isolation
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Anthracnose incited by Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces) Wils. is one of the most destructive and wide spread disease, causing yield losses of 21-70 per cent.The fungus C. graminicola cause anthracnose and leaf blight disease in sorghum.Sorghum plants affected with C. graminicola show small red coloured spots on both surface of leaf; the centre of the spot is white in colour encircled by red, purple or brown margins.Numerous small black dots are seen on the white surface of the lesions which are the fruiting bodies (acervuli) of the fungus.Many lesions coalesce and kill large leaf portion, in midrib region elongate elliptical, red or purple regions with black acervuli are formed.Stalk and inflorescences infection can be characterized externally by the development of circular canker.To check the growth of pathogen on various culture media total of eight culture media viz., the most suitable media were Potato dextrose agar with maximum radial mycelia growth (89.00 mm), followed by media Sorghum stem extract agar (79.66 mm), Sorghum root extract agar (76.00 mm) and Oat meal agar (70.00 mm).The colonies produced were mostly dirty white.Potato dextrose agar, Sorghum stem extract agar and Sorghum root extract agar recorded excellent (++++) conidial production, whereas, it was Good (+++) on Corn meal agar, Richard's agar and Oat meal agar.
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