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    Investigating the amoebicidal activity of Indonesian plantextracts possibly used as medicinal plants by orangutans
    Peter StuartIbne Karim M. AliKarel DoležalErhan YalcindagRadka PeckováMilan OlšanskýWisnu NurcahyoIvona Foitová
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    Abstract:
    Presenter’s Email: peterdstuart@hotmail.com Amoebiasis, the condition that results from infection with Entamoeba histolytica, is a major global health concern. Infection is common in the tropics, including South-East Asia. Infection can also occur in non-human primates and most recently has been observed in wild orangutans (Pongo sp.). Plants from Indonesia were selected to be tested for activity against E. histolytica, based on observations that orangutans were consuming them more when infected with parasitic protozoa. Methanol and Methanol:Tetrahydrofuran crude extracts were obtained from four plants: Achidendron fagifollium, Diospyros sumatra, Piper betle and Shorea sumatrana. Of these D. sumatra and P. betle showed activity against E. histolytica (IC50 <47microg/ml and IC50 <67 mikrog/ml respectively). The results support the use of these plants for dysentery by local people. They also demonstrate for the first time, that orangutans may be directly self-medicating. Preliminary trials of these plants on N. fowleri suggest further trials are warranted.
    Keywords:
    Amoebiasis
    Topics:
    Amoebic Infections and Treatments
    Ginger and Zingiberaceae research
    In-vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities, against clinical isolates ofCampylobacterspecies andEntamoeba histolytica, of local medicinal plants from the Venda region, in South Africa
    Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology (2009)
    Amidou SamieC. L.Namrita LallJ.J.M. Meyer
    In the quest for alternative treatments against Campylobacter jejuni and Entamoeba histolytica, which are both aetiological agents of diarrhoea world-wide, the in-vitro activities against the two pathogens of extracts of 18 South African medicinal plants have recently been assessed. Forty extracts from the 18 plant species were prepared and tested against 110 clinical isolates of Campylobacter spp. In addition, extracts from eight of the plant species were tested against a standard strain (HM-1:IMSS) of E. histolytica, and the cytotoxicity of each of 19 extracts from 15 of the plant species was explored using Vero cell cultures and microdilution assays. At least one extract of each plant species investigated was found to be active against some of the Campylobacter isolates. Extracts of Lippia javanica and Pterocarpus angolensis had the highest antibacterial activity, each giving a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 90 microg/ml. Of the extracts tested against E. histolytica, however, only those of P. angolensis and Syzigium cordatum were found to have anti-amoebic activity, with MIC of 1.2 and 7.5 mg/ml, respectively. Although most of the extracts showed little toxicity against Vero cells, with most of the median inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) recorded exceeding 400 microg/ml, an extract of Bauhinia galpini was quite toxic, with an IC(50) of just 2.7 microg/ml. Acetone and methanol extracts of several of the plants show promise as templates for the design of new anti-diarrhoeal therapies.
    Citations (44)
    Screening for theIn VitroAnti-tumor-promoting Activities of Edible Plants from Malaysia
    Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry (2000)
    Akira MurakamiAbdul Manaf AliKamaruddin MAT-SALLEHKoichi KoshimįzuHajime Ohigashi
    A total of 114 methanol extracts from 42 plant families of edible Malaysian plants were screened for their inhibitory activities toward tumor promoter 12-O-hexadecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (HPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation in Raji cells. By testing at a concentration of 200 μg/ml, 74% of the 114 extracts inhibited EBV activation by 30% or more. This rate is comparable to those observed in the previous tests on edible Thai (60%) and Indonesian (71%) plants, and, importantly, much higher than that (26%) observed for Japanese edible plants. Approximately half of the Malaysian plants did not taxonomically overlap those from the other three countries, suggesting that Malaysian plants, as well as Thai and Indonesian plants, are an exclusive source of effective chemopreventive agents. Further dilution experiments indicated an extract from the leaves of Piper betle L. (Piperaceae) to be one of the most promising species. The high potential of edible Southeast Asian plants for cancer chemoprevention is collectively discussed.
    Piperaceae
    Raji cell
    Edible plants
    Citations (63)
    Activity of Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis
    Ayman A. El-BadryKhalil Al-AliYaser A. El‐Badry
    Amoebiasis and giardiasis are worldwide spread diseases caused by the protozoans Entamoeba histolytica and several Giardia species, respectively. Their treatment includes drugs which may produce side effects and, in addition, onset of chemical resistance of these pathogenic protozoans. Thus, with the purpose of searching for new natural anti-protozoal chemotherapy, two plants of the family Lamiaceae, Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum used in Saudi traditional medicine against intestinal disorders were selected to evaluate their water, ethanol and chloroform leaves extracts activity against E. histolytica and G. duodenalis trophozoites. Chloroform extract from O. basilicum was strongly active against G. duodenalis (IC 50 = 53.31 μg/ml) and very active against E. histolytica (IC 50 = 68.62 μg/ml). Ethanol extracts of both plants showed moderate activity against tested protozoa. M. longifolia chloroform extract had poor activity against E. histolytica and G. duodenalis . Giardia duodenalis was significantly more susceptible than E. histolytica . None of the water extracts of the two plants were active against tested protozoa. Such results indicate M. longifolia ethanol extracts and chloroform extract from O. basilicum as possible candidates for further investigations to isolate and characterize their active principles as possible new natural anti-protozoal agents.
    Giardia
    Citations (13)