Book Review: Pesticides and Human Welfare
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Medical healthy welfare is an important part of salary and monetary management in university,and part of the human resources management work as well.The article elaborates the significance and function of the medical healthy welfare system,analyzes its framework,and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions of supplementing the efficient welfare management.
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Suppose, as biocentrists do, that even microorganisms have a good of their own – that is, some objective form of welfare. Still, human welfare is vastly greater and more valuable. If it were infinitely greater, individualistic bio-centrism would be pointless. But consideration of the facts of evolutionary history and of the conceptual relations between infinity and incommensurability reveals that there are no infinite welfare differences among living things. It follows, in particular, that there is some very large number of bacteria whose aggregate overall welfare is not less than the welfare of a human being.
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A questionnaire survey was conducted to 378 enterprises engaged in biologically derived pesticides, such as microbial pesticides, botanical pesticides, bio-chemical pesticides, natural enemy and agricultural antibiotics pesticides. There were 112 registered biologically derived active ingredients(AIs), including 30 microbial pesticides, 29 botanical pesticides, 26 bio-chemical pesticides, 2 natural enemies, and 25 agricultural antibiotics(not including abamectin), and accounting for 17% of total number of registered pesticide AIs. In 2012, the production of biological derived pesticides was about 2.9×105 tons(including mixtures products with chemical pesticides), accounting for about 8% of the total output of pesticides. Overall, the quota of biologically derived pesticides in the whole pesticide industry is very low, and the development levels of different varieties of biologically derived pesticides and different manufacturers differ greatly. Several factors, such as properties, registration policy and the costs of pest control have restricted the development of biologically derived pesticides.
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Pesticides are considered a necessary evil today. The use of pesticides has progressively increased over the last few decades. Prior to World War II, a few inorganic pesticides were used on a negligible scale. The use of synthetic chemicals as pesticides started with the invention of DDT (dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane). Since then, the use of pesticides has grown enormously both in terms of the number of pesticides and the volume of the use of pesticides. The use of synthetic pesticides supports a large number of industries and involves business worth billions of dollars.
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Introduction. The Pesticides Dilemma. The Role and Use of Pesticides in Health. The Role and Use of Pesticides in Agriculture. The Role and Use of Pesticides in the Forest and on Rights-of-Way. The Role of Pesticides for the Homeowner. Testing Procedures in Pesticide Development. Fungicides and Their Uses. Herbicides and Their Uses. Insecticides and Their Uses. Rodenticides and Their Uses. Piscicides and Their Uses. Avicides and Their Uses. Pesticides in Soil. Pesticides in Water. Pesticides in Air. Pesticides in Food. Pesticides and Birds. Pesticides and Mammals. Pesticides in the Biosphere. Pesticide Legislation. Epilogue. References. Index.
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One hundred and one pesticides listed as “Complementary Items for Setting the Targets for Water Quality Management in Japan” were divided into 16 groups on the basis of their structures. The degradation of 96 pesticides and 5 oxidation by-products in chlorination was studied to determine the potential of the purification process. Pesticides containing sulfur (S) were easily degraded; for 38 pesticides out of 46 examined pesticides, only 50 % or less of their original concentration remained after 4 hours. On the other hand, pesticides without S were hardly degraded; for 45 pesticides out of 50 examined pesticides, more than 50 % of their original concentration remained even after 24 hours. Thus, the potential for degradation of the pesticides by chlorination can be approximated by the presence or absence of S in their chemical formulae. Oxons (P=O), which are oxidation by-products of organophosphate pesticides containing P=S, were hardly degraded. Therefore, oxons may remain in chlorinated water for a long time.
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Pesticides are widely used in producing food to control pests such as insects, rodents, weeds, bacteria, mold and fungus. Pesticides-food contamination is a global food safety problem. The world used pesticides by 6 billion pound annually. The extensive use of pesticides causes of disturbance in natural balance. Due to the environmental balance disturbance, pesticides are playing an important role in plant pests suppression. The vegetables and fruits are exposed to many and many pesticides from different pesticides classes. These pesticides have side effects on plant, animals and human. The main problem now is how to grow plants without using of pesticides? Now it is impossible to prevent using of pesticides. But you can reduce these pesticides. Also, you can use alternative for these pesticides such as plant extracts, organic farming or biopesticidees. Also there are many ways to reduce the pesticides residues in vegetables and fruits such as washing of vegetables and fruits, draying, peeling and boiling. This work focused on pesticides-food contamination causes and solutions
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Taking the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as representative, I argue that animal ethics has been neglected in the assessment of climate policy. While effects on ecosystem services, biodiversity, and human welfare are all catalogued quite carefully, there is no consideration at all of the effects of climate change on the welfare of animals. This omission, I argue, should bother us, for animal welfare is not adequately captured by assessments of ecosystem services, biodiversity, or human welfare. After describing the paper's assumptions and discussing the role of the IPCC's Assessment Reports in climate policy, I consider the presentation of climate impacts in the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, noting the aspects of animal welfare that are (and are not) considered there, and comparing the report's treatment of animal welfare to its treatment of human welfare. Next, I argue that the concepts of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and human welfare do not adequately capture the welfare of animals. Finally, I discuss concerns about human responsibility for animal welfare and the practicality of including considerations of animal welfare among the climate impacts studied by the IPCC.
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